Characterization of microsatellite loci for three species of Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) and absence of cross-spec
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Characterization of microsatellite loci for three species of Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) and absence of cross‑species amplification Camila Rabelo Oliveira Leal1 · Leonardo Ré Jorge2 · Anete Pereira de Souza3 · Thomas Michael Lewinsohn1 · Karina Lucas Silva‑Brandão4 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2020
Abstract Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) are endophagous herbivores on flowerheads of Asteraceae, with varying levels of host specialization. We isolated, characterized, and tested the heterologous amplification for sets of microsatellites of three species from this genus associated with native hosts in the Espinhaço mountain range, Brazil. We used two protocols to build microsatellite-enriched libraries and characterized 12 polymorphic loci for each fruit-fly species. The samples of T. grandis, a monophagous species, presented a lower number of alleles than the samples of the oligophagous species T. incompleta and T. bicolor. The average observed heterozygosity did not vary among species and the high values of Polymorphism Information Content suggest that the characterized microsatellite loci are quite informative. The primers developed for each Tomoplagia species failed to amplify the microsatellite loci for the other two species, which indicates a low conservation of the flanking nucleotide sequences in the three evaluated species. The sets of polymorphic microsatellites characterized for these species of Tomoplagia may be used in future ecological and evolutionary studies that aim to detect patterns of diversity on a fine scale. Keywords Asteraceae · Endophagous insects · Fruit flies · Heterologous amplification · Rupestrian grassland
Introduction In the last decades, the use of molecular tools to investigate patterns of variation and structuring of genetic diversity, as well as the processes responsible for such patterns at different spatial and temporal scales has become more frequent (Allendorf 2017; Creer et al. 2016; Seehausen et al. 2014). Among molecular markers, microsatellites, or
* Karina Lucas Silva‑Brandão [email protected] 1
Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083‑862, Brazil
2
Department of Ecology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
3
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Candido Rondom, 400, Campinas, SP 13083‑875, Brazil
4
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP CEP 09210‑580, Brazil
simple sequence repeats (SSR), are quite effective for this aim: they are highly informative, mainly because of their codominant and multiallelic nature; have wide coverage in the genome; and present wide reproducibility, low cost, and technical simplicity for their development (Borém a
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