Characterization of thirty two microsatellite loci for three Atlanto-Mediterranean echinoderm species
- PDF / 164,355 Bytes
- 5 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 43 Downloads / 156 Views
TECHNICAL NOTE
Characterization of thirty two microsatellite loci for three Atlanto-Mediterranean echinoderm species Alex Garcia-Cisneros • Claudio Valero-Jime´nez Creu Palacı´n • Rocı´o Pe´rez-Portela
•
Received: 29 January 2013 / Accepted: 22 February 2013 / Published online: 5 March 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Thirty two microsatellites were optimized from 454 pyrosequencing libraries for three Atlanto-Mediterranean echinoderms: Coscinasterias tenuispina, Echinaster sepositus and Arbacia lixula. We observed different frequency of microsatellite types (di-, tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide) throughout the genome of the species, but no significant differences were observed in allele richness among different microsatellite repeats. No loci showed linkage disequilibrium. Heterozygosity deficit and departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed for some loci, in two species, probably due to high levels of inbreeding. Heterozygosity excess observed in C. tenuispina could be explained by selection against homozygotes and/ or outcrossing. Keywords Pyrosequencing Inbreeding Clonality Conservation Starfish Sea urchin
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12686-013-9897-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Garcia-Cisneros C. Valero-Jime´nez C. Palacı´n Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates), University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Present Address: C. Valero-Jime´nez Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands C. Palacı´n Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), Barcelona, Spain R. Pe´rez-Portela (&) Center for Advanced studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Acesso a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, Blanes, 17300 Girona, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
During last century, Mediterranean Sea has suffered an extensive loss of biodiversity due to high anthropogenic pressures and environmental perturbations (Coll et al. 2010). Introduction of non-native species, increase in water temperature and extensive gaps in the distribution of natural populations due to urbanization, are among the most important environmental pressures (Thibaut et al. 2005; Lejeusne et al. 2010). In this study we described new microsatellite loci for three of the most common Atlanto-Mediterranean echinoderms with important implications for conservation; the starfishes Echinaster sepositus and Coscinasterias tenuispina, and the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. E. sepositus is an emblematic species along the Atlanto-Mediterranean area but some populations at the North-Western Mediterranean have suffered a severe decline (Villamor and Becerro 2010; authors’ pers. obs.). This species is now scarce in areas with high anthropogenic pressure and affluence of divers, and larger populations are only observed within marine protected areas. Due to the short-distance dispersal of its lecithotrophic larva, studies about populations’ connectivity, inbreeding and genetic structure are crucial to de
Data Loading...
