Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ghost and evaluation of its immune proficiency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis n
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Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ghost and evaluation of its immune proficiency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Haneen A. Ghazy 1 & Abeer F. El-Nahas 2 & Shawky A. Mahmoud 3 & Hanan A. Fahmy 1 & Ramadan A. El-Domany 4 & Hoda E. Mahmoud 5 & Amira A. Omar 6 Received: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be multidrug-resistant organisms so its infection is challenging. This study aimed to use the sponge-like reduced protocol in preparation of P. aeruginosa ghosts (PAGs) as a vaccine alternative and evaluate its competency in stimulating the immune response in Nile tilapia. Characterization of PAGs was done using the light, fluorescent and transmission electron microscope. 240 fish have been divided into four groups (60 fish each; three groups were injected with a high, medium, or low dose of PAGs, and a control group. Total and differential leukocyte count, phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity, and gene expression of some immune-related genes were done after the first and booster ghost dose injection. All fish groups were challenged intraperitoneally with P. aeruginosa (1 × 107 CFU ml−1); the mean percent mortality was calculated. Significant immunization potency of the large dose of PAGs was prominent. It is associated with a significant increased number of WBCs, heterophile, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Also the phagocytic activity and indexes were significantly increased by the high and moderate dose of PAGs. Additionally, significant upregulation of immunerelated gene (MHC-II) and inflammatory-related gene (IL8) and maintained expression level of TLR7 were recorded. We conclude that chemically prepared P. aeruginosa ghosts maintained both the 3D structure and surface molecules of live bacteria and also are capable of inducing specific immune responses in Nile Tilapia, and reduced mortalities in challenged fish. Our results indicate the advantage of this procedure for production of bacterial ghost, which can be used in wide a range of hosts. Keywords Pseudomonas aeruginosa ghost . Sponge like reduced protocol . Immune response . IL8 . MHC-IIβ . TLR7 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-02000604-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Abeer F. El-Nahas [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Aquaculture International
Introduction The main challenge in aquaculture worldwide is the bacterial diseases; they are causing high fish mortalities and economic losses. Fish infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is common in aquaculture as it naturally exists in water and also in healthy fish gut (El-salam et al. 2016). Unbalanced aquatic conditions usually cause fish infection with pseudomonas which is associated with septicemia and ulcer in the infected fish (Kumaran et al. 2010). An event of mass mortalities took place among fish in Egyptian l
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