Characterization of radionuclide activity concentrations and lifetime cancer risk due to particulate matter in the Singr
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Characterization of radionuclide activity concentrations and lifetime cancer risk due to particulate matter in the Singrauli Coalfield, India Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
&
Philip Karl Hopke
Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, the activities of 40K, 210Pb, 232Th, 234 U, 235U, and 238U in size-segregated particulate matter (PM) were measured in the Singrauli Coalfield, India. Different isotopic compositions were found relative to natural uranium ratios. The radioactivity concentration ratios in different PM sizes [PM2.5, PM10, and suspended particulate matter (SPM)] suggested that anthropogenic sources affected the uranium isotopic compositions in the area. A different isotopic composition from the natural uranium composition was found. The correlation coefficients between the measured isotopes (40K, 210Pb, 232Th, 234 U, 235U, and 238U) and meteorological factors were calculated. PM emissions were affected by the meteoroHighlights • Radioactivity concentration in particulate matters increased as November to May. • Radioactivity concentration influenced by particulate matters and meteorological factors. • Mean 40K, 210Pb, 232Th, 234,235,238U were below global average values. • The estimated lifetime cancer risk is 2.9 × 10−04 exceeded typical PM2.5 and PM10.
logical conditions, which in turn, influenced the U and Th concentrations in PM. The 232Th/238U activity ratio in particulate matter was between 0.20 and 1.54 with an average value of 0.9 ± 0.5, 0.2 to 1.1 (0.8 ± 0.7), and 0.2 to 1.2 with an average value of 0.8 ± 0.8 in PM2.5, PM10, and SPM, respectively. These range were quite different from the average crustal ratio of 3.5, indicating that the 238 U concentrations were elevated in this region relative to Th. However, compared with Th, the dose contribution of U to the public was negligible. The average effective dose in public owing to inhalation of natural radioactive 40K, 210 Pb, 232Th, and 234U, 235U, and 238U in the atmosphere was between 0.03 and 327 nSv year−1. These doses associated with the inhalation of particulate matter were lower than world airborne reference value as reported by UNSCEAR (2000a). Keywords Radioactivity concentrations . Particulate matter . Gamma radiation
Introduction A. K. Yadav (*) Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India e-mail: [email protected] P. K. Hopke Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA P. K. Hopke Institue for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
Elements with naturally occurring radioisotopes (K, U, Th, and their decay products) are found ubiquitously in the earth’s crust and produce background radiation, primarily gamma, to which everyone is exposed. People are also exposed to anthropogenically produced radioisotopes such as used in nuclear medicine, residuals from atmospheric weapons tests, and fr
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