Characterization of STP4 promoter in Indian mustard Brassica juncea for use as an aphid responsive promoter
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Characterization of STP4 promoter in Indian mustard Brassica juncea for use as an aphid responsive promoter Chet Ram . Muthuganeshan Annamalai . Murali Krishna Koramutla . Rekha Kansal . Ajay Arora . Pradeep K. Jain . Ramcharan Bhattacharya
Received: 23 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Objective Brassica juncea, a major oilseed crop, suffers substantial yield losses due to infestation by mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi). Unavailability of resistance genes within the accessible gene pool underpins significance of the transgenic strategy in developing aphid resistance. In this study, we aimed for the identification of an aphid-responsive promoter from B. juncea, based on the available genomic resources. Results A monosaccharide transporter gene, STP4 in B. juncea was activated by aphids and sustained increased expression as the aphids colonized the plants. We cloned the upstream intergenic region of STP4 and validated its stand-alone aphid-responsive promoter activity. Further, deletion analysis identified
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-02961-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. Ram M. Annamalai M. K. Koramutla R. Kansal P. K. Jain R. Bhattacharya (&) ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi 110012, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] A. Arora Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
the putative cis-elements important for the aphid responsive promoter activity. Conclusion The identified STP4 promoter can potentially be used for driving high level aphidinducible expression of transgenes in plants. Use of aphid-responsive promoter instead of constitutive promoters can potentially reduce the metabolic burden of transgene-expression on the host plant. Keywords Aphid-responsive genes Plant inducible promoter Promoter analysis Brassica juncea Agroinfiltration Transgenics
Introduction Among the rapeseed-mustard group of crops, Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] is the predominant oil yielding crop in India. It alone occupies 85% of the total rapeseed-mustard growing area in India (DRMR 2015). Because of intrinsic tolerance to salinity and moisture deficit, mustard cultivation fits well across the diverse agroclimatic regimes, including marginal lands of resource poor farmers. However, the productivity of this crop is severely affected due to infestation by mustard aphid [Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt)] (Bakhetia 1987; Rohilla et al. 1987; Shekhawat et al. 2012). The severity of infestation may cause 35.4–91.3% yield loss which is equivalent to
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11–32% loss in oil (Singh and Sachan 1994). In financial terms, the average loss imposed by aphids may extend to Rs. 1575 crores annually (
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