Current achievements and future prospects of genetic engineering in Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss
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REVIEW
Current achievements and future prospects of genetic engineering in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) Ajay Kumar Thakur1 · Nehanjali Parmar1 · K. H. Singh1 · J. Nanjundan2 Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Main conclusion Transgenic technology in Indian mustard has expedited crop improvement programs. Further, there is a need to optimize gene editing protocols and find out the suitable target genes to harvest the benefits of gene editing technology in this important edible oilseed crop. Abstract Brassica juncea is an economically and industrially important oilseed crop being grown mainly in India and in some parts of Canada, Russia, China and Australia. Besides being consumed as edible oil, it also has numerous applications in food and paint industry. However, its overall production and productivity are being hampered by a number of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Further, its oil and seedmeal quality needs to be improved for increasing food as well as feed value. However, the lack of resistant crossable germplasm or varieties necessitated the use of genetic engineering interventions in Indian mustard crop improvement. A number of genes conferring resistance to biotic stresses including lectins for aphids’ control, chitinase, glucanase and osmotin for disease control and for abiotic stresses, CODA, LEA and ion antiporter genes have been transferred to Indian mustard. Both antisense and RNAi technologies have been employed for improving oil and seedmeal quality. Efforts have been made to improve the phytoremediation potential of this crop through genetic engineering approach. The deployment of barnase/barstar gene system for developing male sterile and restorer lines has really expedited hybrid development programs in Indian mustard. Further, there is a need to optimize gene editing protocols and to find out suitable target genes for gene editing in this crop. In this review paper, authors have attempted to review various genetic transformation efforts carried out in Indian mustard for its improvement to combat biotic and abiotic stress challenges, quality improvement and hybrid development. Keywords Brassica juncea · Genetic transformation · Marker genes · Biotic and abiotic stress · Quality improvement
Introduction Indian mustard [Brassica juncea L. (Czern & Coss.)] is a major edible oil crop of rapeseed-mustard (oilseed Brassica) group and is presently being cultivated mainly in the Indian subcontinent and parts of Canada, Russia, China and Australia. Among oilseed Brassica group of crops, B. juncea Communicated by Gerhard Leubner. * Ajay Kumar Thakur [email protected]; [email protected] 1
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321303, India
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Regional Station, Wellington, Tamilnadu 643 231, India
2
is the major oilseed crop of India, while in other countries, it is cultivated on a very limited acreage
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