Chemical characterization of fine particles (PM 2.5 ) at a coastal site in the South Western Mediterranean during the Ch
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Chemical characterization of fine particles (PM2.5) at a coastal site in the South Western Mediterranean during the ChArMex experiment Abdelkader Lemou 1,2 & Lyes Rabhi 1,2 & Hamza Merabet 3 & Riad Ladji 2 & José B Nicolas 4 & Nicolas Bonnaire 4 & Mohamed Abou Mustapha 2 & Redha Dilmi 2 & Jean Sciare 4,5 & Nikolaos Mihalopoulos 5,6 & Noureddine Yassaa 1,3,7 Received: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 19 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract As part of the ChArMEx project (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr), one year of continuous filter sampling was conducted from August 2012 to August 2013 at a rural (coastal) site in Algeria aiming to better document fine aerosol seasonal variability and chemical composition in the Southern part of the Mediterranean. Over 350 filters have been collected, weighted, and analyzed for the main ions and organic and elemental carbon. The obtained mass concentrations varied between 2.5 and 50.6 μg/m3 for PM2.5. The annual modulations of PM2.5 showed higher concentrations in the end summer 2012 and the early summer 2013 (28.50 μg/m3 in August 2012, 20.23 μg/m3 in September 2012, 20.19 μg/m3 in July 2013, and 17.88 μg/m3in August 2013). The particulate organic matter (POM) presented the greatest contribution (50%), followed by the secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA, 27%). The average organic carbon OC concentrations ranged from 1.66 to 6. 05 μgC/m3. The average elemental carbon EC concentrations ranged from 0.92 to 3.49 μgC/m3 and contributed 7% of the PM2.5 mass to Bou-Ismail. The average value of the OC /EC ratio was close to 5.1 in Bou-Ismail, and was close to that found in Finokalia 4 (Greece 2004, 2006) but was lower than that of Montseny 11 (Spain 2002–2007) Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). The concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon WSOC in the PM2.5 ranging from 0.66 to 3.70 μg/m3 recorded the minimum level in March 2013, and the maximum level in August 2012, with an average of 2.02 μg/m3. Keywords PM2.5 . Sea salt . Dust . Organic aerosols . South Western Mediterranean Basin (Algeria) . Air pollution
Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates approximately 7 million deaths per year due to outdoor air quality pollution (WHO, 2016). Indeed, air pollution promotes the emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and lung cancer. The risk
increases in developing countries, where industrialization and urban development are growing fast, as is the case of Southern Mediterranean countries. This region (and in particular Algeria) is also the place of important fossil fuel activities and encompasses the largest worldwide Saharan desert which will both contribute to the degradation of air quality (Malaguti 2015; Giannadaki et al. 2016).
Responsible Editor: Gerhard Lammel * Noureddine Yassaa [email protected]
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LSCE, CEA Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Laboratoire d’Analyse Organique Fonctionnelle, F
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