Chromatographic Analysis of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Rhodococcus Cultural Fluids
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matographic Analysis of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Rhodococcus Cultural Fluids A. N. Khrenkova, E. V. Vikharevaa, *, E. Yu. Tumilovicha, Yu. N. Karpenkoa, A. A. Selyaninovb, and E. A. Tyuminac aPerm
State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia c Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] b
Received February 14, 2019; revised March 20, 2019; accepted March 20, 2019
Abstract—The conditions for the quantitative determination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in Rhodococcus culture fluids via the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography are developed. The rate of biodegradation process and the half-life of acetylsalicylic acid as a pharmaceutical substance and tablets are found. Keywords: acetylsalicylic acid, biological destruction, Rhodococcus, high performance liquid chromatography, process rate, half-life DOI: 10.3103/S0027131420050053
Acetylsalicylic or 2-acetoxybenzoic acid (ASA, CAS no. 50-78-2) is assigned to the widespread nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [1]. The annual global consumption of ASA is about 40000 tons, which contributes to its inevitable release into the environment. Salicylic acid (SA), which is excreted from the body mainly as conjugates with glycine and glucuronic acid and as a gentisic acid, is a pharmacologically active metabolite of ASA. The conjugated SA forms in the environment are metabolized to the starting compounds by bacterial β-glucuronidases (for example, Escherichia coli) and by enzymes of some fish and shellfish species. These processes may be assigned to the main factors contributing to the presence of SA (as an ASA metabolite) in water bodies of the environment [2]. ASA and SA are found in the surface, underground, tap water, and even drinking water in different countries [3, 4]. The drugs and their metabolites are found in the environment in low concentrations, despite the data showing that they have a negative effect on living organisms [5–9]. The toxic effect of salicylates on freshwater fish was observed even at low concentrations [2]. The search for ecologically safe methods (including the use of microorganisms), detoxification, and the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from ecosystems has become a priority because of the negative effect of salicylates on the environment. The possibility of removing salicylates from wastewater with activated sludge was shown [10]. The Rhodococcus actinobacteria appear to be the main microorganisms that can detoxicate the pharmaceutical pollutants [11, 12].
We showed previously that the rhodococci, which are actively dominant in soil microbiocenoses, are capable of biodegrading the drugs derived from isoquinoline (drotaverine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate), phenol (paracetamol), phenol acids (diclofenac sodium), etc. [13–16]. It is important to control the residual amount of a micropollutant in the culture fluid of Rhodococcus during the experiments on the bacterial destruc
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