Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenolic Compounds in Tridax procumbens Linn Stem
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenolic Compounds in Tridax procumbens Linn Stem Akinshola Olabamiji Akinola1 · Funmilayo Enitan Adelowo1 Received: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © The Tunisian Chemical Society and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Phenolic compounds are copious secondary metabolites found in Tridax procumbens plant which is traditionally known for its antimicrobial activities. This research work is aimed at determining major phenolic compounds present in the stem of T. procumbens with their amounts. The phenolic compounds present in T. procumbens stem were separately extracted in methanol and ethanol. The total phenolic contents and the total flavonoid contents present were determined by UV–visible spectrophotometric analysis using Folin–Ciocalteu and Folin–Denin methods respectively. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric (GC–MS) analysis was used to identify and quantify some of the phenolic compounds present in the stem of T. procumbens. The total phenolic contents of methanolic and ethanolic extracts by spectrophotometric analysis were 52.8 mg gallic acid/g extract and 163.8 mg gallic acid/g extract respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 19.9 mg rutin/g and 3.5 mg rutin/g respectively. The GC–MS analysis of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts showed the presence of four phenolic compounds with their respective concentrations, namely thymol (1.78 and 1.52 mg/g), eugenol (49.64 and 49.88 mg/g), gallic acid (0.34 and 0.52 mg/g) and isobutyl gallate (2.88 and 63.32 mg/g). The result obtained from the Folin-Ciocalteu and GC–MS revealed that the ethanolic extract (166.7 mg/g of gallic acid), has more phenolic content than the methanolic extract (54.64 mg/g of gallic acid). The ethanolic extracts showed greater ability of extraction for phenolic compounds from T. procumbens. Keywords Tridax procumbens · Phenolic compounds · Gallic acid · Chromatographic · Spectrophotometric
1 Introduction The use of plants for medicinal purpose has gained global attention and has become very popular. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that more than 80% of the people in the world depend on traditional medicine to meet their primary healthcare needs [1]. This is because the large human population and high cost of imported drugs have made it difficult for modern health facilities to meet health demands of people all over the world. Despite this challenge, the daily rate of the activities of disease causing microbes is unabated. The use of medicinal plants, also known as phytomedicines, involves using herbs, herbal materials, herbal * Akinshola Olabamiji Akinola [email protected] 1
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
preparations, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants or other plant materials as active ingredients [2]. The plant materials from which these drugs were derived include flowers, roots, stem bark, s
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