Chromosome diversity and karyotype asymmetry analysis in four cultivated triploid and three diploid wild genotypes of Mu
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Chromosome diversity and karyotype asymmetry analysis in four cultivated triploid and three diploid wild genotypes of Musa from North‑East India Subrat Kumar Dehery1 · Eleena Panda1 · Puja Rani Saha2 · Rabindra Kumar Sinha2 · Anath Bandhu Das1,3 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 © Archana Sharma Foundation of Calcutta 2020
Abstract Ploidy and karyotype asymmetry of four cultivated Musa acuminata var. Luwaobi, var. Masung Tabi, var. Gopi and var. Poitrish Kola (2n = 3x = 33) and three wild seeded M. acuminata var. Ram Kola, Musa balbisiana var. Blung Thali and Musa laterita (2n = 2x = 22) were reported for the first time from North East India. The predominance of median constricted chromosomes was found as compared to sub-median constricted chromosome in all genotypes. The average chromosome length varied from 1.55 μm in var. Luwaobi to 1.92 μm in var. Ram Kola. Symmetric karyotype was recorded in the wild as compared to the cultivated Musa genotypes. Out of the twelve inter- and intra-chromosomal asymmetry indices studied, intra-chromosomal asymmetry index ( A1) versus inter-chromosomal asymmetry index ( A2), relative variation in the centromeric index ( CVCI) versus relative variation in chromosome length ( CVCL) and heterogeneity of chromosome length (AI) versus dispersion index were found most reliable to assess chromosome asymmetry. Most symmetric karyotype was found in var. Poitrish Kola of Tripura and most asymmetric karyotype was found in var. Luwaobi of Manipur among cultivated genotypes. Genotype var. Ram Kola showed more karyotype asymmetry among the wild Musa as compared to var. Blung Thali of Tripura and M. laterita of Sikkim. Phylogenetic tree obtained from chromosome characters revealed that var. Ram Kola has ancestral karyotype and was found to be distantly related from the others. Two wild seeded genotypes M. balbisiana var. Blung Thali and M. laterita were found to have close relationship with AB genome suggesting the phylogenetic ancestry with AA or AAA genotypes. Keywords Banana genotype · Genetic diversity · Karyotype evolution · Somatic chromosome · Wild diploid Musa
Introduction
Corresponding Editor: Anita Mukherjee. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-020-00334-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Anath Bandhu Das [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
2
Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, Tripura 799022, India
3
Centre of Excellence for North East India Studies, (Under RUSA 2.0 Programme), New Academic Block, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
Musa, with diverse species and varieties provides not only sweet dessert fruit but is considered as a staple food of four hundred million people in the underdeveloped and developing countries. Domes
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