Genetic variability, character association and diversity studies on wild apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes in Him
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Genetic variability, character association and diversity studies on wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes in Himachal Pradesh, India Nirmla Chauhan
. Dinesh Singh . K. Kumar . R. K. Dogra
Received: 9 August 2019 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Variability studies on 92 wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes growing in Himachal Pradesh, India were carried out during 2015–2017. The aim was to determine genetic relatedness amongst the genotypes and to identify characters influencing yield for effective genetic improvement in apricot. All the genotypes exhibited a great deal of variation for most of the characters studied and fell into two broad clusters further divided into 11 sub-clusters. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for sugar-acid ratio, stone weight, pulp to stone ratio, titratable acidity, reducing sugar and trunk girth. High heritability with high genetic gain was recorded in trunk girth, reducing sugars, titratable acidity and stone weight. High heritability with moderate genetic gain was recorded for yield, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and fruit weight. Several characters namely reducing sugars, trunk girth, TSS, fruit weight, stone breadth, N. Chauhan (&) R. K. Dogra Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S, Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, India e-mail: [email protected] D. Singh Regional Horticulture Research and Training Station, Shimla, Mashobra, Himachal Pradesh 171 007, India K. Kumar Faculty of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bajhol – Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 229, India
non-reducing sugars, leaf area, stone weight, stone length and sugar/acid ratio had direct positive effect on fruit yield suggesting their use as selection indices for affecting genetic improvement in apricot. Keywords Genetic variability Heritability Correlation Path analysis and wild apricot
Introduction Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a deciduous tree fruit species belonging to family Rosaceae. It is one of the important stone fruit crops, grown worldwide in mild temperate to extreme cold regions. Apricot has an important place in human nutrition and fruits are rich source of vitamin A and contain more carbohydrates, protein, phosphorous and niacin than other majority of fruits including nectarines (Teskey and Shoemaker 1972). As known, the fruit of apricot is not only consumed fresh but also used to produce dried apricot, frozen apricot, jam, jelly, marmalades, pulp, juice, nectar, extrusion products, etc. This delicious stone fruit is commercially used both for dessert as well as processing purposes. The kernels are either sweet or bitter, depending upon the varieties. The sweet kernels are used as a substitute for almonds in pastries and confectionery. Moreover, bitter kernels are used in the production of oils, cosmetics and aroma perfumes (Yildiz 1994). These fruits are antipyretic, antiseptic,
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