Appraisal of RAPD and ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis among cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2014 (June) 17 (2) : 79~88 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-013-0062-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Appraisal of RAPD and ISSR Markers for Genetic Diversity Analysis among Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Genotypes Harsukh Popatbhai Gajera*, Rinkal Kishorbhai Domadiya, Sunil Vrajlal Patel, Baljibhai Arjanbhai Golakiya Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh – 362 001, India Received: May 17, 2013 / Revised: November 7, 2013 / Accepted: March 31, 2014 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2013
Abstract The genetic variability and relationships among 11 cowpea genotypes representing two cultivars and nine elite genotypes were analyzed using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assay with regards to polymorphism detection. But the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer and resolution power were found to be higher for RAPD than for ISSR. Also, the total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon’s information index, total heterozygosity, and average heterozygosity were prominent in RAPD as compared to ISSR markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indices showed low regression (0.3733) between ISSR and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities but maximum (0.9823) for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD- and ISSR-generated cultivar- or genotype-specific unique DNA fingerprints able to identify the most diverse genotypes. A dendrogram constructed based on RAPD and ISSR combined data indicated a very clear pattern of clustering according to the groups (cultivars and elite genotypes). The results of principal coordinate analysis were comparable to the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that most diverse genotypes (GP-125 – small size with good seed quality; GP-129, GP-90L – big size with poor seed quality) were separated from moderately diverse cultivars and genotypes. The genetic closeness among GP-129 and GP90L, JCPL-42, and JCPL-107 could be explained by the high degree of commonness in these genotypes. Key words: cowpea, genetic diversity, ISSR, RAPD, unique markers
Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important food legume in India, Africa, and Brazil where it is grown in semiarid regions, usually inter-cropped with cereals (sorghum or millet) but also in rotation as a sole crop. The cowpea seeds contained high proteins and are consumed as dry seeds or green pods. The residues of the plant are used in animal feed. Also, cowpea can be used as a summer fodder crop fed fresh or as hay. The genetic diversity in cowpea seems to be narrow, in spite of substantial variation in seed color, seed proteins, plant type, pod type, and seed size among cultivated cowpeas (Panella and Gepts 1992; Pannella et al. 1993; Vaillancourt et al. 1993). The placement of individual cultivars into different accesHarsukh Popatbhai Gajera ( ) E-mail: [email protected]
The Korean Society of Crop Science
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