Chronic diseases, age and gender: examining the contribution to burnout symptoms in a sample of 2075 Canadian workers
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Chronic diseases, age and gender: examining the contribution to burnout symptoms in a sample of 2075 Canadian workers Alain Marchand1,2 · Marie‑Eve Blanc2 Received: 19 June 2019 / Accepted: 12 March 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the role of chronic diseases, and their interactions with age and gender, on the emotional exhaustion component of the burnout syndrome. Methods Data came from the Salveo Study conducted in 2009–2012. It contained a random sample of 2075 Canadian workers employed in 63 workplaces. Multilevel regression models were estimated. Main effects of chronic diseases were first evaluated, and then age-chronic diseases interactions were tested. Analyses were performed on the total sample and stratified by gender. All analyses were adjusted for work conditions decision latitude, physical and psychological demands, work hours, social support and rewards. Results Mental and behavioural disorders, diseases of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and genitourinary system are associated with a higher level of burnout symptoms. Associations with mental and behavioural disorders, and diseases of the nervous system are stronger for men than women. Age increases the association of behavioural disorders, diseases of the nervous system, and genitourinary system and burnout. Age may moderate the association of nervous and genitourinary systems diseases with burnout in women. Conclusion Workplaces must be more proactive to better recognise the role of chronic diseases on burnout and to implement preventive measures. The development of interventions towards specific risk groups is needed. Keywords Burnout · Emotional exhaustion · Age · Gender · Workers · Chronic diseases
Introduction Living with a chronic disease is a situation afflicting many workers. In 2010, 25.7% of Canadian workers had at least one chronic disease, which is a condition that is expected to last or have already lasted 6 months or more and that have been diagnosed by a health professional (Zhang et al. 2016). Chronic diseases are associated with the financial loss for the worker, and high absenteeism and productivity costs for employers. For example, in 2010 in Canada, back problems, mood disorders and migraines accounted for $1.06 billons in incremental productivity loss (Zhang et al. 2016).
* Alain Marchand [email protected] 1
School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ, Centre‑Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Public Health Research Centre, 7101 Avenue du Parc, bureau 3187, Montreal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada
2
With the aging of the workforce more workers will have to deal with such a kind of health concerns, and men and women are not necessarily afflicted by the same chronic disease (Casey and Ballantyne 2017; Smith et al. 2012). It is not well known; however, how chronic diseases may relate to the experience of burnout and the extent to which ag
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