Plasmalogens in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Age-Specific Diseases
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malogens in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Age-Specific Diseases O. Yu. Kytikovaa, *, T. P. Novgorodtsevaa, M. V. Antonyuka, and T. A. Gvozdenkoa a Vladivostok Branch, Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, 690105 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received July 17, 2019; revised August 29, 2019; accepted September 10, 2019
Abstract—The pathogenesis of age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Impairment of redox homeostasis is accompanied by the development of peroxisome dysfunction and impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens, which may be associated with aging and the development of age-dependent pathology. Plasmalogens, which reflect the functional activity of peroxisomes, can serve not only as potential biomarkers of diseases associated with oxidative stress and aging but also as an important therapeutic target. The purpose of this review was to analyze the current knowledge of understudied biological and pathological aspects of plasmalogen participation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases of older persons. An understanding of the role of plasmalogens in the pathophysiology of these diseases can lead to the development of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as treatment methods for neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases of older people. Keywords: plasmalogens, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases DOI: 10.1134/S207905702003011X
INTRODUCTION Due to the steady progression of the aging of the world’s population demographic, research teams face the need to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aging and the associated diseases concomitant or secondary to the physiological decay of the body [11]. Aging is accompanied by a number of morphological and functional changes that occur slowly over a long period of time [21]. Most diseases in older people also have a chronic course, a prolonged prodromal phase in which the disease proceeds subclinically. The complex interactions of aging and chronic diseases are overburdening, which must be taken into account in the development of strategies for the prevention and effective treatment of various diseases characteristic of older people [30, 57]. Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation based on the destruction of redox homeostasis of an aging organism [35]. Conversely, with age, there is an increase in the likelihood of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MS), type-2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which, like the physiological aging process, are associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation [5, 14, 16, 31]. The redox imbalance is accompanied by the development of peroxisome dysfunction and impaired bio-
synthesis of plasmalogens, the main structu
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