Chronology of mineralization of the permanent mandibular second molar teeth and forensic age estimation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Chronology of mineralization of the permanent mandibular second molar teeth and forensic age estimation Pedro Fins 1 & Maria Lurdes Pereira 1,2 & Américo Afonso 1,3,4 & Daniel Pérez-Mongiovi 3 & Inês Morais Caldas 1,3,4,5
Accepted: 1 May 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Abstract Forensic age estimation frequently relies upon the chronology of mineralization of the third molar teeth. However, even when present, third molar teeth cannot always be used for estimating age in people who are classified as minors. Seconds molars develop earlier and in a more predictable way, and therefore are often more reliable for age estimation in this age group. This study aims to contribute to forensic age estimation using an age threshold of 14-years, studying the stages of development of permanent mandibular second molar teeth mineralization. 367 orthopantograms of a Portuguese population group, aged between 3 and 19 years, were studied. The stages of mineralization of mandibular permanent second molar teeth were studied following the classification stages proposed by Demirjian et al. Stage descriptive analysis was performed, and associations between age and stage were studied. A logistic regression to determine age over 14 years, using maturation stages and sex as a predictive variables, was made. A second sample was used for testing the model. The significance level was set at 5%. The model
* Inês Morais Caldas [email protected] 1
Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
2
ISPUP – EPIUNit – Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
3
IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences, Department of Sciences, CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Gandra, Portugal
4
CENCIFOR – Centre of Forensic Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
5
CFE – Centre of Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
correctly classified 92.0% of cases overall. The equation was tested in the second sample, and the results showed that there were no statistical significant differences between the binary real age (i.e. age < 14 and age ≥ 14 years) and the estimated age (p = 0.109). The developed model is useful for age estimation using 14-years as a threshold. However, stage maturation analyses showed that stage F, in males, and stages G and H, in both sexes, lead to an estimated age with significant statistical differences from chronological age. Keywords Forensic age estimation . Dental age estimation . Tooth mineralization . Second molar teeth . Demirjian method
Introduction Forensic age estimation in the living has become increasingly important. The increasing flux of migrants without valid identification documents [1], fraud in sports [2, 3], and crimes involving pediatric pornography [4] are, among others, some of the situations that may require this kind of expertise. Usually, the thresholds involving fore
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