Classification of common hazel scrub vegetation in Slovakia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Classification of common hazel scrub vegetation in Slovakia Ján Kliment 1 & Richard Hrivnák 2 & Michal Slezák 3 & Drahoš Blanár 4 & Ivan Jarolímek 2 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Approaches for classifying common hazel-dominated communities differ substantially among countries in Europe. Based on differing criteria, authors have classified identical communities within different higher syntaxa or have classified different communities within one unit. In Slovakia, the situation has been similar. These facts motivate us to accomplish (i) complex syntaxonomical revision of common hazel scrub in Slovakia, ii) comparison of West Carpathian communities with relevant Alpine and Hercynian ones, and iii) identification of the main environmental drivers of variation in their floristic composition. Based on the numerical classification of 415 relevés, two main units were distinguished. They were identified with the Pruno spinosae-Coryletum Jurko 1964 and the Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum Jurko 1964 associations. The main predictors of species’ compositional variability were found to be temperature, followed by moisture, light, and soil reaction. After comparison with all relevant communities from Alpine and Hercynian regions, both associations were classified within the alliance Populo tremulaeCorylion avellanae Br.-Bl. ex Jurko 1964 nom. invers. propos., the order Prunetalia spinosae Tx. 1952 and the class CrataegoPrunetea Tx. 1962. Relations with the other hazel-dominated communities and their classification are discussed in detail. Keywords: Carpathians . Central Europe . Corylo-Populion tremulae . Nomenclature . Syntaxonomy
Introduction Common hazel (Corylus avellana) is usually a scrub, or rarely a low tree, reaching 4 – 8 (< 10) m. It occupies nearly the whole of Europe, except for the most northern regions and some Mediterranean islands (Enescu et al. 2016). It is tolerant to various ecological conditions. It grows in sunny habitats and as an understory species in various mixed deciduous forests. Common hazel prefers nutrient-rich soils, but it is able to grow on nearly all types of soils except for waterlogged or nutrient-poor soils (Mercel 2006; Enescu et al. 2016). It also
* Ivan Jarolímek [email protected] 1
Botanical Garden, Comenius University in Bratislava, Blatnica 315, SK-036 15 Blatnica, Slovakia
2
Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
3
Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia
4
Administration of the Muránska planina National Park, J. Kráľa 12, SK-050 01 Revúca, Slovakia
successfully inhabits brush, debris, embankments of roads, etc. (Jurko 1972; Rauschert 1990; Müller 1992; Sádlo and Chytrý 2013b). The stands of common hazel quickly regenerate after disturbances (e.g., cutting, fire) and may remain at the same place for a lon
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