Clinical Nephrogeriatrics An Evidence-Based Guide
The increase in average life expectancy observed over recent decades has brought new challenges to nephrology practice. Several renal diseases are more frequent in elderly patients today, and even in healthy older individuals renal physiology has its own
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Clinical Nephrogeriatrics
Carlos Guido Musso • José Ricardo Jauregui Juan Florencio Macías-Núñez • Adrian Covic Editors
Clinical Nephrogeriatrics An Evidence-Based Guide
Editors Carlos Guido Musso Nephrology Division Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Juan Florencio Macías-Núñez Departamento de Medicina Salamanca Spain
José Ricardo Jauregui Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Adrian Covic University of Medicine “Grigore T. Popa” and University Hospital “C. I. Parhon” Iasi Romania
ISBN 978-3-030-18710-1 ISBN 978-3-030-18711-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18711-8 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
“To Professors Dr. Stewart Cameron, Dr. Dimitios G. Oreopoulos, Dr. Isidoro Fainstein, Dr. David Galinsky. Dr. Roberto Kaplan, and Dr. Hugo A. Schifis”
Foreword
The population of the world is growing older at an unprecedented rate. In 2015, about 620 million persons were over age 65 years, and this number is expected to grow to 1.6 billion by 2050. Wide disparities exist among the regions of the world concerning the fraction of elders in the population. For example, in Europe in 2018, about 1 of every 6 individuals was over 65 years of age, whereas the comparable statistic for Africa is 1 out of every 33 individuals. The frequency of the “oldest old” (over 80 years of age) is expected to increase globally from 125 million currently to about 450 million by 2050. Global life expectancy (at birth) is now 69 years and is projected to grow to 76 years by 2050. The origin of this changing population dynamics is complex but entails lower birth rates, control of communicable diseases
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