Clinicopathological Study of Biopsied Tongue Lesions Among 5284 Dental Outpatients in Southern Iran
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Clinicopathological Study of Biopsied Tongue Lesions Among 5284 Dental Outpatients in Southern Iran Sara Farhangian1 • Zohreh Jaafari-Ashkavandi1
Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 Ó The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2020
Abstract Purpose Some studies have shown a high incidence of oral cancer among tongue biopsy specimens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of tongue biopsied lesions in an Iranian population. Methods In this retrospective study, data from 5284 oral biopsy reports over a 22-year period (1996–2017) were evaluated regarding the type of lesions, location and patient’s age and gender. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results Out of total oral lesions, 365 (6.9%) were tongue lesions, with the incidence peak (41.9%) in the age group of 41–60 years old, with female tendency. Irritation fibroma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and oral lichen planus (OLP) were the most common lesions. The lateral border of the tongue was the most common site of biopsy. Color changes, exophytic changes and ulceration were the most frequent reported clinical signs. Conclusion The findings showed that tongue biopsied lesions had low frequency. Irritation fibroma, SCC and OLP were the most common lesions with a female predilection. By comparing the present results with other epidemiologic studies, it revealed valuable data, which can be useful for dental practitioners. Keywords Tongue Biopsy Pathologic lesion Squamous cell carcinoma Oral lichen planus Irritation fibroma
& Zohreh Jaafari-Ashkavandi [email protected] 1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Introduction Tongue is an accessible organ of oral cavity which is as an indication of general health in medical texts [1]. Tongue contains many elements like specialized epithelium, muscles, nerve fibers, fat cells, minor salivary glands and lymphoid tissue, which can be the origin for pathological lesions that might threaten the patient’s health and quality of life [2]. Pathological lesions of the tongue have a wide range including hamartomas, benign proliferations such as irritation fibroma or true neoplasms like granular cell tumor, and also malignancies such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [3]. A net diagnosis of a tongue lesion is established by pathologic biopsy report, which has an association with patient’s chief complaint, dental and medical history and oral examination and clinical diagnosis [4]. Clinical differential diagnoses are essentially arranged according to the prevalence of pathologic lesions in each location. There is a great sense of urgency to recognize tongue lesions in order to present a more accurate clinical diagnosis [5]. Several epidemiological studies on the prevalence of tongue lesions were performed in Jordan, India, Turkey, Iran, etc. [4, 6–8]. The presence of tongue lesions is different according to genetics and environmental factors in dif
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