Cloud Optics
Clouds affect the climate of the Earth, and they are an important factor in the weather. Therefore, their radiative properties must be understood in great detail. This book summarizes current knowledge on cloud optical properties, for example their abilit
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Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Cloud Optics
Cloud Optics
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES LIBRARY VOLUME 34
Editors Lawrence A. Mysak, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Kevin Hamilton, International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board L. Bengtsson A. Berger P.J. Crutzen J.R. Garratt G. Geernaert M. Hantel A. Hollingsworth H. Kelder T.N. Krishnamurti P. Lemke P. Malanotte-Rizzoli S.G.H. Philander D. Randall J.-L. Redelsperger R.D. Rosen S.H. Schneider F. Schott G.E. Swaters J.C. Wyngaard
Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany Université Catholique, Louvain, Belgium Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany CSIRO, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia DMU-FOLU, Roskilde, Denmark Universität Wien, Austria European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), De Bilt, The Netherlands The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A. Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany MIT, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. Princeton University, NJ, U.S.A. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A. METEO-FRANCE, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France AER, Inc., Lexington, MA, U.S.A. Stanford University, CA, U.S.A. Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Cloud Optics by
Alexander A. Kokhanovsky University of Bremen, Germany
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
1-4020-3955-7 (HB) 978-1-4020-3955-3 (HB) 1-4020-4020-2 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4020-7 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.
To my parents
Since one must turn his eyes toward heaven to look at them, we think of them . . . as the throne of God . . . That makes me hope that if I can explain their nature . . . one will easily believe that it is possible in some manner to find the causes of everything wonderful about the Earth. Rene Descartes
CONTENTS
Foreword
xi
1 Microphysics and Geometry of Clouds
1
1.1 Microphysical Characteristics of Clouds 1.2 Geometrical Characteristics of Clouds 2 Optics of a Single Particle
1 27 33
2.1 Vector Wave Equation
33
2.2 Mie Theory
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