Co-circulation of genotypes XIV.2 and XVIII.2 of avian paramyxovirus-1 (Newcastle disease virus) in backyard poultry in
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Co‑circulation of genotypes XIV.2 and XVIII.2 of avian paramyxovirus‑1 (Newcastle disease virus) in backyard poultry in Niger Maman Moutari Souley1 · Abdoulkarim Issa Ibrahim2 · Bachir Souley Kouato3 · Alassane Abdou1 · Rahila Issa1 · Bachir Yaou1 · Hadiza Amadou1 · Hama Hama4 · Hassane Adakal5 · Nourou Abdou3 · Giovanni Cattoli6 · William G. Dundon6,7 Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) of poultry is the avian paramyxovirus-1, also commonly known as ND virus (NDV). Like in many developing countries, ND is endemic in Niger and has significant economic impact on commercial and backyard poultry production. NDVs were characterized in Niger between 2006 and 2008 and shown to belong to genotypes XIV.1 and XVII. In order to determine the current situation regarding the virus in Niger, tracheas (n = 384) were collected for the detection of NDV from both healthy (n = 335) and sick (n = 49) backyard poultry in 2019. Of these samples, 24 from sick chickens were positive for NDV by conventional RT-PCR. Sequencing of the fusion protein gene and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the viruses belonged to either genotype XIV.2 or XVIII.2. No NDVs of genotype XIV.1 or XVII were identified in the current study highlighting the dynamic nature of NDV circulation in Niger and the region. Keywords Avian paramyxovirus-1 · Newcastle disease · Virus · Genotype · Phylogenetic analysis · Backyard poultry · Niger
Edited by Detlev H. Kruger. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01804-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * William G. Dundon [email protected] 1
Laboratoire Central de l’Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger
2
Université de Tillabéri, Tillabéri, Niger
3
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Niamey, Niger
4
Service Vétérinaire Privé de Proximité (SVPP), Niamey, Niger
5
Université Dan Dicko DanKoulodo de Maradi, Maradi, Niger
6
Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
7
Animal Production and Health Laboratory, IAEA, Freidenstrasse, 1, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND), is a non-segmented, negative, single-stranded RNA virus that is a member of the Avian orthoavulavirus-1 species, within the Orthoavulavirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family [1]. The virus, which is also commonly referred to as ND virus (NDV), causes outbreaks of disease in domestic and wild avian species, threatening the food security and livelihoods of millions globally [2]. A number of different classification systems based on the comparison of the viral fusion protein (F) gen
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