Co-inections of domestic and wild birds with avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses: implications for control and
- PDF / 454,719 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 21 Downloads / 166 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Co-inections of domestic and wild birds with avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses: implications for control and genetic mutations Waziri Ibrahim Musa 1 & Lawal Sa’idu 2 & Mohammed Bello 3 & Paul Ayuba Abdu 1 Received: 21 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 / Published online: 10 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Co-infections of birds’ upper respiratory tract by avian pathogens are common and cause increasing economic losses. This study determines co-infection status of avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) in birds in two Nigerian states with different highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) records and where modified stamping out policy contained the virus for seven years after which the virus resurged with higher infectivity in 2015. A cross-sectional study sampling 910 apparently healthy domestic and 90 wild birds from wild habitats, commercial poultry farms, households and live bird markets (LBMs) was conducted. Cloacal and tracheal swabs were tested for AI H5 and ND viruses using conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall detection rates of 3% and 18% for AI and ND were obtained. There was an equivalence of 8.5% ND detection rate in poultry and wild birds in the two states. Co-infection (0.2%) of a local chicken from a live bird market (LBM) and crown crane (Balearica regulorum) from a household to AI H5 and ND viruses occurred, respectively. Exposure of birds to AI and ND was significantly detected in apparently healthy domestic and wild birds. The probability of these viruses exchanging genetic materials to resurge with increasing virulence is foreseen. Therefore, routine AI and ND control measures should incorporate virus surveillance and instituting appropriate preventive measures in domestic and wild birds held in households, commercial farms and LBMs. Keywords AI . ND . Viruses . Co-infection . RT-PCR . Birds . Nigeria
Introduction Avian influenza virus is a virus type A Orthomyxovirus classified on the bases of low or high pathogenicity in chickens due to the presence of mono or multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin precursor protein (Swayne and Saurez 2013). Newcastle disease virus formerly and commonly known as Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (APMV1) is now classified as Avian orthoavulavirus1(AOAV-1)
* Waziri Ibrahim Musa [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
2
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
3
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, A.B.U Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
(Czeglédi et al. 2006; Diel et al. 2012; Dimitrov et al. 2016, 2019; Strochkov et al. 2020). Both are single stranded and negative sense RNA viruses, however, AIV genome is segmented into 8 while that of ND is not (Geo et al. 1998; Swayne and Saurez 2013; Strochkov et al. 2020). Though antigenic variations have been observed in both viruses, AIV is more unstable and subje
Data Loading...
