Co-production of Monosaccharides and Hydrochar from Green Macroalgae Ulva (Chlorophyta) sp. with Subcritical Hydrolysis
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Co-production of Monosaccharides and Hydrochar from Green Macroalgae Ulva (Chlorophyta) sp. with Subcritical Hydrolysis and Carbonization Semion Greiserman 1,2 & Michael Epstein 1 & Alexander Chemodanov 1 & Efraim Steinbruch 1,2 & Meghanath Prabhu 1 & Lior Guttman 3 & Gabriel Jinjikhashvily 4 & Olga Shamis 5 & Michael Gozin 5 & Abraham Kribus 2 & Alexander Golberg 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Subcritical water hydrolysis and carbonization of the biomass are an emerging green technology for seaweed biomass processing. In this work, a novel approach for co-generation of two energy streams from seaweed biomass (fermentable sugars and solid hydrochar) with subcritical water from a green macroalgae Ulva sp. was developed. It was found that for the released of glucose, xylose, rhamnose, fructose, and galactose, the process temperature is the most significant parameter, followed by salinity, solid load, and treatment time. For the formation of fermentation inhibitor 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), temperature also was the most important parameter, followed by residence time, salinity, and solid load. The optimum parameters for maximal release of total sugars under minimum formation of 5-HMF were 170 °C (800 kPa abs.), 5% solid loading, 40 min residence time, and 100% salinity. The hydrochar yield was 19.4% and hydrochar high heating value was 20.2 ± 1.31 MJ kg−1. These results provide new detailed information on the subcritical hydrolysis and carbonization of Ulva sp. biomass and show co-production of fermentable monosaccharides and hydrochar. Keywords Macroalgae . Ulva sp. . Biorefinery . Subcritical hydrolysis . Biomass deconstruction . Hydrochar . Fermentable monosaccharides
Introduction Marine macroalgae, which contain very little lignin and do not compete with food crops for arable land or potable water, can provide a sustainable alternative source of biomass for food, fuel, and chemical generation [1]. One of the pathways to use Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-10034-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Alexander Golberg [email protected] 1
Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
3
The National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Ltd., Eilat, Israel
4
Mechanical Systems Design Department, Engineering Division, The Israel Electric Corporation, Haifa, Israel
5
School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
macroalgae feedstocks is to feed them as media for fermenting microorganisms [2]. A key step in the macroalgae conversion to chemicals and biofuels is the deconstruction of complex carbohydrates to fermentable sugars [3]. To increase the fermentation yields, pretreatment methods, which lead to the release of extracellular compounds and break the seaweed complex polysacc
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