Concise review of green algal genus Ulva Linnaeus
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Concise review of green algal genus Ulva Linnaeus Vaibhav A. Mantri 1,2 & Mudassar Anisoddin Kazi 1 & Nikunj B. Balar 1,2 & Vishal Gupta 3 & Tejal Gajaria 1,2 Received: 17 January 2020 / Revised and accepted: 4 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The green algal genus Ulva is widely distributed around all continents. Plants with both distromatic or monostromatic thalli now form a single taxon based on ITS rDNA and rbcL gene sequencing. Ulva is known to occupy several ecological niches including freshwater and marine (intertidal and subtidal) habitats, attributed to its tolerance to key determinants such as light, temperature, and salinity. The genus is perceived as model system to study life cycle, morphogenesis and development from simple to complex multicellularity. The life cycle is isomorphic and biphasic type, knowledge of which is important in developing viable cultivation techniques. The culture of Ulva is by photo-bioreactor, land-based, and open-sea farming producing about 1500 t dry annum−1 biomass. The understanding of scientific basis for eutrophication-driven green tide events is of paramount importance for coastal ecosystem management. Studies related to cross-kingdom cross-talk between Ulva and surrounding microbes have been recently undertaken through high-throughput techniques to understand their role in growth, development, and morphogenesis. Several regional species are rich in vital nutrients and thus qualify in the functional food sector, and recent research is poised to develop a bio-refinery model for complete utilization of feedstock. Ulva spp. are also used as a feed source in aquaculture and for environmental bioremediation. Keywords Chlorophyta . Bio-refinery . Green tide . Life cycle . Microbiome . Photo-bioreactor . Ulva
Taxonomy The pre-Linnaean naturalists in all probability adopted the term “Ulva” from the Latin word for “a sedge” or “marsh plant” or the Proto-Indo-European word for “to grow” (Guiry and Guiry 2020). In “Synopsis Methodica,” Ray (1724) described Ulva as a leafy moss. Carolus Linnaeus in his “Species Plantarum” first reported the genus Ulva in the class Cryptogams (Linnaeus 1753) and described binomials of nine species under this genus. In 1764, Gleditsch listed the
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02148-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vaibhav A. Mantri [email protected] 1
Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Road, Bhavnagar 364002, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
3
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingha, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
genus Ulva in his list of seven algal genera of class Algacea in “Systema Plantarum” (Gleditsch 1764). The genus Ulva described in these earlier works also consisted of some unrelated algae. Consequently, most of these unrelated species were moved to other genera
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