Cognitive, community functioning and clinical correlates of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAI
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cognitive, community functioning and clinical correlates of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in psychotic disorders Manuel J. Cuesta1,2 · Ana M. Sánchez‑Torres1,2 · Ruth Lorente‑Omeñaca2 · Lucía Moreno‑Izco1,2 · Victor Peralta2,3 · SegPEPs Group Received: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Negative symptoms are a core dimension of schizophrenia and other psychoses that account for a large degree of the poor functional outcomes related to these disorders. Newer assessment scales for negative symptoms, such as the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), provide evidence for separate dimensions of motivational and pleasure (MAP) and expression (EXP) dimensions. This study was aimed at extending the analysis of the clinical, functional and cognitive correlates of CAINS dimensions in a sample of patients with psychotic disorders (n = 98) and 50 healthy controls. A psychopathological evaluation was conducted by using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). To assess the extrapyramidal signs, the UKU scale was used. Community functioning was evaluated by means of real-world and functional attainment measures. Additionally, a full neuropsychological test battery was administered. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify the influencing and predictive factors associated with the CAINS dimensions. The MAP and EXP dimensions showed strong associations with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) items and were not significantly associated with extra-pyramidal or cognitive deficits. The MAP and EXP CAINS dimensions revealed good predictive validity for real-world functioning and functional attainment measures. These findings suggest that the CAINS scale endorses good convergent validity for the assessment of negative symptoms and is very useful in the prediction of psychosocial functioning. In addition, the CAINS dimensions might provide advantages over old assessment scales on disentangling the complex associations between negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Keywords CAINS · Negative symptoms · Schizophrenia spectrum disorders · Cognition · Community functioning
Introduction The members of “SegPEPs Group” are listed in acknowledgements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01188-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Manuel J. Cuesta [email protected] 1
Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
2
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
3
Mental Health Department, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
Negative symptoms are transnosological features of severe psychiatric disorders [1] and are of greater prognostic significance for short- and long-term functioning than the remainin
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