Cogongrass ( Imperata cylindrica ) Leaf Extract Counteracts the Effects of Nitrogen Limitation and Induces Changes in Bi
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Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Leaf Extract Counteracts the Effects of Nitrogen Limitation and Induces Changes in Biomass, Lipid, and Fatty Acid Profile in Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 and Scenedesmus sp. KS-2 Saw Hong Loh 1 & Willy Yee 1 & Sheryl Wan Yi Lee 1 & Ya Ting Tan 1 & Pamela Szu Phin Phua 2 & Thye San Cha 1 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study assessed the feasibility of unhydrolyzed cogongrass as a medium fortificant for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 and Scenedesmus sp. KS-2. Nitrogen-limited media supplemented with 0.1–0.5% (w/v) cogongrass leaf extract induced changes in lipid content and produced effects that appear to counteract the effects of nitrogen depletion, restoring lipid and fatty acid content to levels similar to nitrogen-replete media while biomass was decreased. While nitrogen-limited media led to an increase in total lipid, oleic acid (C18:1) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content and a decrease in palmitic acid (C16:0), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, the presence of cogongrass extract evidently cancelled this effect. As a sole ingredient, cogongrass reduced biomass, C16:0, PUFA and SFA, but increased total oil, C18:1 and MUFA to levels similar to N-limited media. Unexpectedly, a 45.8% increase in lipid productivity in Scenedesmus sp. under Nlimitation was observed, despite a reduction in biomass. This study demonstrates that the extract from cogongrass and likely from other plant sources could potentially be used as a medium fortificant for microalga cultivation for lipid production. It could also be used as part of a cultivation strategy towards the production of desired fatty acid composition for biodiesel applications. In addition, this study could spark new research for alternative medium fortificants for microalga cultivation from various unutilized or waste plant biomass resources. Keywords Cogongrass . Fatty acid . Lipid . Microalgae . Nitrogen limitation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10182-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Saw Hong Loh [email protected] * Thye San Cha [email protected] Willy Yee [email protected] Sheryl Wan Yi Lee [email protected] Ya Ting Tan [email protected] Pamela Szu Phin Phua [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
2
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Introduction In recent years, climate change and environmental issues prompted the search for cleaner and renewable energy sources such as biodiesel, among others. Recently, microalgae have emerged as a potential source for biodiesel production, due to their higher growth rate and lipid productivity compared to terrestrial pla
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