Green silver nano-particles: synthesis using rice leaf extract, characterization, efficacy, and non-target effects
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Green silver nano-particles: synthesis using rice leaf extract, characterization, efficacy, and non-target effects Totan Adak 1 & Harekrushna Swain 1 & Sushmita Munda 2 & Arup Kumar Mukherjee 1 & Manoj Kumar Yadav 1 & Aravindan Sundaram 1 & Manas Kumar Bag 1 & Prakash Chandra Rath 1 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Green synthesis of silver nano-particles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate was carried out using purple-colored rice leaves’ extracts containing higher phenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. The efficacy of synthesized AgNPs was tested against rice diseases and investigation was carried out to check negative effect of AgNPs on soil microbes. Substantial reduction of total anthocyanins, total phenols, and total flavonoids was observed in reaction mixture during AgNP formation indicating the role of secondary metabolites on AgNP formation and stabilization. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopic images and FTIR spectral analysis of AgNPs confirmed the presence of elemental silver encapped by biomolecules. The optimized reaction parameters for synthesis of AgNPs from silver nitrate were (a) 48 h of incubation, (b) 9:1 (v/v) 1 mM AgNO3:plant extract, and (c) room temperature at 20–30 °C. Zeta potential and hydrodynamic particle sizes of synthesized AgNPs were ranged between − 16.61 to − 29.45 mV and 36–107 nm, respectively, at different time of incubation. AgNPs could control effectively Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae and Helminthosporium oryzae. AgNPs at higher concentration could cause negative effect on microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes for distant future. But the negative effects of AgNP solution (10% of 1 mM AgNPs) were comparable to commercial fungicide, carbendazim. The synthesized AgNPs with desirable characters were effective against a number of disease-causing pathogens in rice, and it can be recommended as broad-spectrum pesticide. Keywords Purple-colored rice leaves . Biomolecules . Particle sizes . Soil enzymes . Bacterial leaf blight . FTIR
Introduction Nano-materials have attractive physio-chemical properties and can be used in agriculture for crop production. One of the most investigated nano-materials in agriculture is silver nano-particles (AgNPs). Research has undergone on
Responsible editor: Santiago V. Luis Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10601-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Totan Adak [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack 753006, India
2
Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack 753006, India
different methods of synthesis of AgNPs. It could be synthesized by thermal decomposition (Adner et al. 2016), using
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