Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose on papaya fruit ( Carica papaya ) in Brazil
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Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose on papaya fruit (Carica papaya) in Brazil Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieria 1 & Angélica dos Santos Nunes 1 & Josiene Silva Veloso 1 & Alexandre Reis Machado 2 & Valdir Queiroz Balbino 3 & Anthony Carlos da Silva 1 & André Ângelo Medeiros Gomes 1 & Vinson Patrick Doyle 4 & Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara 1 Received: 28 June 2019 / Accepted: 16 December 2019 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2019
Abstract Papaya anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum is reported for the first time in Brazil. The etiological agent was identified by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. Pathogenicity was confirmed and Koch’s postulates fulfilled for a selected isolate from Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. Keywords fungal disease . occurrence . postharvest
Papaya (Carica papaya) is among the most widely cultivated and consumed tropical fruits (Serrano and Cattaneo 2010). Among the main producers, México, Brazil, Nigeria, India and Indonesia, Brazil ranked second in 2017 for production volume, producing 1.4 tons on 30.000 ha (IBGE 2017). However, plant diseases lead to reduced productivity in the form of yield loss and have a detrimental impact on fruit quality (Ferreira et al. 2018; Martins and Blum 2014). Papaya yield losses are mainly attributable to phytopathogenic fungi, such as Phytophthora spp., Phoma caricae-papayae, Asperisporium caricae, Oidium caricae, and Colletotrichum spp. (Ventura et al. 2004). Anthracnose is among the most important papaya postharvest diseases due to the large losses in production, which may reach about 90% (Valenzuela et al. 2015). In January 2017, a disease was detected causing postharvest losses on papaya in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. Symptomatic ripe fruit presented brownish, rounded, necrotic and depressed lesions. Black acervuli were produced in * Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara [email protected] 1
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
2
Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
3
Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
4
Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LO, USA
lesions as disease progressed and became covered by orange conidial masses. Isolates were obtained from typical anthracnose symptoms using direct isolation by transferring conidial masses from lesions to Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) media supplemented with streptomycin sulfate (0.03g/L). Cultures were incubated at 28°C under continuous light. Colony color was characterized seven days after incubation using Rayner’s Mycological Colour Chart (Rayner 1970). Mycelial fragments from 7-day-old colonies were mounted in Shear’s mounting media to assess micromorphological features, such as conidial shape and size, acervuli, setae, conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. Pictures were taken with a DS-L3 digital camera attached to a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U transmitted
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