Analysis of genetic diversity of Colletotrichum population causing anthracnose in fruit crops using ISSR markers
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis of genetic diversity of Colletotrichum population causing anthracnose in fruit crops using ISSR markers Amrita Das1 · Buddhadeb Roy1 · Sumit Jangra1 · Amita Chowdhury1 · Deeba Kamil1 · T. Prameela Devi1 Received: 6 July 2020 / Revised: 13 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Colletotrichum spp. cause anthracnose disease in several plant species in tropical and temperate regions. In this study, a total of 30 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from nine different fruit crops showing anthracnose symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis based on the GAPDH gene divided the population into four primary clades. All C. gloeosporioides species complex grouped together and separated from C. karstii and two different monophyletic lineages i.e. C. brevisporum, C. cliviae. C. gloeosporioides species complex was found dominant within the population containing 7 cryptic species. To study the population diversity of Colletotrichum species, the isolates were grouped into 4 geographical clusters based on their collection site i.e. Delhi, Maharashtra, West Bengal (WB), and North East (NE) states (Assam and Meghalaya). Out of 12 ISSR primers used 11 primers generated scorable polymorphic band of 100-1300 bp having average PIC value of 0.27. The intrapopulation genetic diversity was high in NE population with 78.75% polymorphism. The inter-population genetic distance was high (0.129) between Maharashtra and WB populations. The degree of genetic differentiation was 0.09 and gene flow was estimated at 2.45 within Colletotrichum population. Population stratification using UPGMA dendrogram divided the population into two main groups. Group 1 consisted of isolates from all over the four geographical region and population from NE region formed group 2. The overall result indicates admixture between isolates and homogeneous population structures from different geographical regions. Keywords Colletotrichum · ISSR · Genetic diversity · Polymorphism
Introduction Colletotrichum spp. are considered as one of the 10 most important plant pathogenic fungi in the world in accordance with scientific and economic importance (Dean et al. 2012). Colletotrichum species responsible for the anthracnose disease and postharvest decay in more than 30 plant genera of tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit, grasses, vegetables and ornamentals (Yang et al. 2009; Rojas et al. 2010). Anthracnose symptoms arise on immature fruit as pepper spot or speckle spot which gradually turns dark, black colored, sunken rounded spots with raised margins on fruit skins after harvesting. These lesions expand rapidly on the fruit surface and cause rotting of the infected plant tissues including inner pulp. * Amrita Das [email protected] 1
Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
Being a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Colletotrichum spp. possess sequential biotrophic and necrotrophic infection tactics to infect host plants and cause disease (O’Connell et al. 2012).
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