Multilocus phylogenetic analyses suggest the presence of Colletotrichum chrysophilum causing banana anthracnose in Mexic
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Multilocus phylogenetic analyses suggest the presence of Colletotrichum chrysophilum causing banana anthracnose in Mexico Dionicio Fuentes‑Aragón1 · Angel Rebollar‑Alviter2 · Mónica Osnaya‑González3 · Guillermo A. Enciso‑Maldonado4 · Héctor González‑Reyes1 · Hilda V. Silva‑Rojas5 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Postharvest anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the main threats to banana production because it reduces the quality, the marketability, and the consumption of the fruit. From June to September 2017, coalescent sunken necrotic lesions were observed on the banana fruit cv. Tabasco (Musa acuminata), harvested in two orchards in Teapa, Tabasco, southeast of Mexico. Thus, this research aimed to identify the causal agents of necrotic lesions that affect banana production. Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. obtained from the sunken necrotic lesions were studied by morphological and multilocus phylogenetic approaches. Amplification and sequencing of the six (GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT, TUB, GS, and APMAT) partial genes were performed. Later, individual alignment for each gene was created and concatenated. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses revealed that the three representative strains belong to C. chrysophilum, a member of C. gloeosporioides species complex. To determine whether C. chrysophilum strains were responsible for the symptoms on banana fruit, a pathogenicity test was conducted by inoculation of wounded fruit. Typical necrotic lesions were observed 8 days after inoculation, while the control fruit remained healthy. This finding represents the first report of C. chrysophilum causing anthracnose of banana in Mexico; therefore, it should be considered an integrated management program to reduce losses caused by this disease. Keywords Anthracnose · Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex · Musa acuminata · Pathogenicity · Phylogenetic analyses Mexico is the 12th largest producer of banana fruit worldwide, providing 2.3 million t annually, of which approximately 25% is exported (FAOSTAT 2018). However, fungal diseases such as Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense), black sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis), and * Hilda V. Silva‑Rojas [email protected] 1
Posgrado en Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, 56230 Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
2
Centro Regional Morelia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, 58170 Michoacán, Mexico
3
Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Campeche, 24450 Campeche, Mexico
4
Centro de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica de Itapúa, 6290 Hohenau, Paraguay
5
Producción de Semillas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, 56230 Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) are the main threats to banana production, causing yield losses and reduced fruit marketability. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx, a host-specific pathogen, is
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