Production of polygalacturonase using Carica papaya peel biowaste and its application for pomegranate juice clarificatio
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Production of polygalacturonase using Carica papaya peel biowaste and its application for pomegranate juice clarification Mukesh Kumar Patidar1 · Sadhana Nighojkar2 · Anil Kumar3 · Anand Nighojkar1 Received: 15 November 2019 / Revised: 1 October 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 © Society for Environmental Sustainability 2020
Abstract The present study focuses on utilization of papaya peel for polygalacturonase production in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Papaya peel was screened as optimum solid substrate and valorized under SSF for polygalacturonase production by Aspergillus niger AN07 and the effect of different fermentation parameters viz. fermentation time, particle size, moisture content and agitation speed on the enzyme production was investigated. Two fermentation variables viz. moisture content and fermentation time have been identified to significantly affect polygalacturonase production as predicted using Plackett–Burman Design (PBD). It was further optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Rotatory Central Composite Design (RCCD). An overall 5.4-fold increase (264.20 U/g dried substrate) in enzyme production was achieved after optimization at fermentation time 144 h and moisture content 90%. The results of RSM showed that the model was in good agreement with experimental results with R2 = 99.6% (P 4%) is reported by Handa et al. (2016) in CCD model used to optimize pectinase production by Rhizopus sp. C4. The maximum predictable response for polygalacturonase production based on regression equation was found to be 258.30 U/gds. The optimum value for moisture content and fermentation time was found to be 90% and 144 h, respectively. The R2 value of 99.60% indicates the appropriate prediction of moisture content and fermentation time for maximum polygalacturonase production. OFAT approach used to determine the optimum value doesn’t give idea about the interaction between different factors. Besides, OFAT approach is time consuming and some times give pseudo results (Gupta et al. 2008). The effect of moisture content and fermentation time on polygalacturonase production as in Fig. 3(a, b) shows increased polygalacturonase yield with increasing moisture content of up to 90% and fermentation time 144 h. For the production of metabolites using SSF, moisture is a crucial factor. Higher moisture content (90%) decreases the polygalacturonase yield possibly due to reduced hyphal growth. Most fungi show optimum growth in the range of 40 to 120% moisture (Blandino et al. 2002; Castilho et al. 2000; Demir
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Environmental Sustainability
model significantly affected the enzyme production and a 5.4-fold increase in yield of polygalacturonase production was obtained. Tari et al. (2007) reported 74% increase in yield of polygalacturonase enzyme by A. sojae (ATCC 20235) in submerged fermentation. Similarly, Uzuner and Cekmecelioglu (2015) used RSM and reported 2.7-fold increase in pectinase production by B. subtilis. Vibha and Negi (2018) reported EVOP to optimize substrate, pH and
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