Colorimetric determination of copper(II) by using branched-polyethylenimine droplet evaporation on a superhydrophilic-su
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Colorimetric determination of copper(II) by using branched-polyethylenimine droplet evaporation on a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic micropatterned surface Hong Shao 1 & Xiaokun Wen 1 & Yadan Ding 1 & Xia Hong 1 & Huiying Zhao 2 Received: 8 April 2019 / Accepted: 8 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract A colorimetric method is described for the determination of Cu(II). It is based on branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) droplet evaporation on a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic polystyrene micropatterned surface. Exposure to Cu(II) leads to a color change from colorless to light blue and dark blue. The micropatterned surface was fabricated via combining electrospinning with oxygen plasma and served as a detection substrate. Analysis requires only a single drop of blood. The method has a linear response in the 5.0 μM to 2.5 mM Cu(II) concentration range which is within the physiological range (15.7 ∼ 23.6 μM). Compared to an assay in solution, the detection limit is decreased from 386 nM to 89 nM. Excellent selectivity over other metal ions and anions was achieved. Keywords Wettability . Concentration effect . Absorption spectrum . Quantitative detection . Polystyrene . Electrospinning . BPEI-Cu(II) complex . Interference . Sensitivity improvement . Microdroplet
Introduction Copper, as one of the heavy metals, is the essential trace element in human body. It is necessary for numerous vital biological processes in human physiology [1, 2]. The levels of Cu(II) in blood are directly associated with the physiological state of the body. Commonly, the average concentration of Cu(II) in human blood is in the range of 15.7 ∼ 23.6 μM [3]. If the content of Cu(II) is below or above this level, it can lead to severe human diseases, for Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3805-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xia Hong [email protected] * Huiying Zhao [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Basic Medicine, Gerontology Department of First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
example, Menkes disease, Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [4–7]. Taking blood from a finger prick is relatively painless, and it is suitable for disease diagnostics because of the small sample volume required. And low-volume blood diagnostics may facilitate rapid and inexpensive diagnosis of disease in the hospital clinic or self-monitoring at home. Therefore, the detection of Cu(II) in serum is particularly important in the early stage of the disease and treatment selection. Numerous methods were used for the detection of Cu(II) like atomic absorption spectrometry [8–11], colorimetry [12–14], electrochemical method [15–18] and fluorometry [3, 19]. Ho
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