Comparative analysis of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations in two contrasting Tibetan hulless barely varieties on powdery mi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative analysis of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations in two contrasting Tibetan hulless barely varieties on powdery mildew infection Sang Zha 1,2,3 & Chunbao Yang 1,2,3 & Xingquan Zeng 1,2,3 & Zeqing Li 4 & Yulin Wang 1,2,3 & Hongjun Yuan 1,2,3 & Mingzhai Yu 1,2,3 & Qijun Xu 1,3,5 Received: 14 September 2019 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Powdery mildew has been recognized as a destructive foliar disease for Tibetan hulless barley and causes huge economic losses every year. However, little is known about the genetic and molecular basis of resistance to powdery mildew in hulless barley, especially the epigenetic mechanism. To understand the change patterns of histone modification after pathogen inoculation, we performed a genome-wide analysis of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations of samples from five time points using two different barley varieties (G7 is resistant to powdery mildew and Z13 is susceptible). By integration analysis of ChIP-seq and transcriptome data, we found that more than 80% of differential expressed genes may be regulated by differentially chromatin modification, suggesting that epigenetic changes have an important regulatory role in resistance response to powdery mildew. Our study provides a first glimpse into epigenetic regulation in disease response in barley, and these data represent a resource to the community for future exploitation of molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance response. Keywords Hulless barley . Powdery mildew . Histone modification
Introduction Tibetan hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop in China, which is widely distributed in regions of Sang Zha and Chunbao Yang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00673-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qijun Xu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China
2
Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Lhasa, 850002 Tibet, China
3
Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 850002 Lhasa, Tibet, China
4
Wuhan Igenebook Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, 430000 Wuhan, China
5
Agricultural Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa City 850002, China
the Qingzang highland, including Tibet, Qinghai, and northwest Sichuan (Zeng et al. 2015). Owing to the high nutritional quality of hulless barley, it is a main economic and industrial crop in the Tibetan Plateau and a staple food for the local people (Qian et al. 2009). However, the yield and quality of Tibetan hulless barley are easily affected by various fungal pathogens, especially Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) which causes powdery mildew (Yuan 2014; Zeng et al. 2014). Powdery mildew is a destructive foliar disease in a
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