Comparative Evaluation for Using Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems in Urban Transportation with Buses
The identification of some optimal routes following the determinations made locally, in the current context, of reaching and applying the strategy objectives of Cluj-Napoca municipality authorities of promoting a common transport sustainable from the poin
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Comparative Evaluation for Using Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems in Urban Transportation with Buses
8.1
Analysis of the Developed Algorithm Related to Urban Routes
The identification of some optimal routes following the determinations made locally, in the current context, of reaching and applying the strategy objectives of Cluj-Napoca municipality authorities of promoting a common transport sustainable from the point of view of minimizing the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere by adopting some optimal solutions of partially replacing the existing bus fleet, needs creating an initial analysis of direct emissions of pollutants as compared to the EURO 0–EURO 6 pollution norms. The norms are regulated through the EC Regulation no. 595/2009 [1] and the EC Regulation no. 582/2011 [2], the EURO 6 pollution norm, which is taking effect from the year 2013, and its complete implementation to be realized in the year 2014. The new regulation regarding the EURO 6 pollution norm brings significant modifications regarding the 50 % reduction of the emissions level measured for the following indicators: hydrocarbons (HC), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). The analyzes realized and presented in the previous chapter regarding the comparative studies of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, have taken into consideration and were related to the quantity of pollutants and are calculated according to the emission factor afferent to the used fuel, taking into consideration the pollution norm characteristic to the studied bus model, respectively the distanced traveled for each route. By analyzing the data presented one can observe a considerable diminution of pollutant emissions concentration between the hybrid drive system and the classic drive system. In the case of electric propulsion, all emission indicators which were analyzed have had the value zero (locally). Also, a comparative calculus of greenhouse gas emissions has been made, more specifically of CO2 emissions, between the classic, hybrid and electric drive © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 B.O. Varga et al., Electric and Hybrid Buses for Urban Transport, Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41249-8_8
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8 Comparative Evaluation for Using Hybrid …
systems, by using the afferent emission factors according to fuel consumption for a traveled distance of 100 km. It is imposed to specify the fact that in the case of CO2 emissions, these are zero only in the case where the electric energy used for charging the batteries comes exclusively from clean water, which does not pollute, such as hydroelectric energy, wind energy, photovoltaic energy. The comparative study was also made for the noise and vibrations factor, from which resulted that in the case of buses classic and hybrid drive systems there is a level of noise generated while the buses function, of approximately 90 dB (A), as opposed to buses with electric drive systems, for which the level of noise pollution do not go over 55 dB (A) [3]. In conc
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