Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Iranian Rice ( Oryza Sativa ) Cultivars for Resistance to Blast Disease Using Microsa
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Iranian Rice (Oryza Sativa) Cultivars for Resistance to Blast Disease Using Microsatellite (SSR) Markers Farzaneh Farahzadi1
· Asa Ebrahimi1 · Vahid Zarrinnia1 · Reza Azizinezhad1
Received: 31 May 2019 / Accepted: 10 December 2019 © NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2020
Abstract Rice plays an important role in feeding the world’s population, especially the people who live in developing countries. More than 90% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe Oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world. This study evaluated the power of 10 blast-specific SSR markers in the determination of genetic diversity among 30 cultivars of Indica rice. The phenotypic evaluation was also performed using M. Oryzae at the stage of three or four leaves. A total of 23 effective alleles with an average of 2.21 alleles per locus were found. A total of 28 alleles were also observed per locus with an average of 2.8. Also, the average of Polymorphic information content (PIC) for the studied markers was estimated as 0.42. RM204 and RM413 showed the highest (0.60) and the lowest (0.081) PIC, respectively. The UPGMA-based dendrogram obtained from the binary SSR data divided 30 studied genotypes into three groups. In phenotypic testing, the observed phenotypic similarities corresponded to those in UPGMA-based dendrogram with some intermixing. The phenotypic evaluation also divided the population into three groups. According to Student’s t tests for comparing the phenotypic and genotypic data, SSR markers RM277 and RM8225 were found to be linked to semi-susceptible and resistant phenotypes, respectively. Keywords Blast disease · Blast resistant · Magnaporthe Oryzae · Marker-assisted selection · Phenotypic evaluation
Introduction Rice is an important cereal crop and is grown worldwide, especially in Asia. Significantly, high rice production is anticipated due to the alarmingly growing population in the world [20]. Almost three billion people depend on rice as a major source of their substance diet [7]. For feeding such an explosively growing human population, we need to develop or identify the rice varieties and landraces that are highly resistant to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice blast is particularly major biotic stress for rice. This disease is one of the most destructive diseases of this model crop caused by Magnaporthe Oryzae. This fungus infects & Farzaneh Farahzadi [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
parts of rice plant including leaves, nodes and stem at all the stages of development [42]. The disease causes a considerable loss in the form of grain yield in most of the major ecosystems [41] annually reducing rice production by approximately 10–30% [23]. Control of rice blast disease is therefore important for worldwide food production. Some QTLs and R-genes have already been reported to impr
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