Comparative Study of STPA and Bowtie Methods: Case of Hazard Identification for Pipeline Transportation
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE—PEER-REVIEWED
Comparative Study of STPA and Bowtie Methods: Case of Hazard Identification for Pipeline Transportation Wafia Benhamlaoui . Mounira Rouainia . Yiliu Liu . Mohammed Salah Medjram
Submitted: 11 February 2020 / in revised form: 4 August 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 ASM International 2020
Abstract In this research, two methods, the STPA and Bowtie, were applied to realize a hazard identification on pipeline transportation, more precisely a condensate pipeline, in SKIKDA region. This identification was followed by a comparison of the results obtained previously, with respect to some aspects; we compared all hazards identified by both methods and classified them into categories, also comparing consequences and losses; we also compared the different steps of each method used. The study performed allows us to determine the main differences using the STPA and Bowtie methods for hazard identification on pipeline transport and highlights a complementary while using them in order to identify in a more exhaustive way the hazards associated with the system being studied. Their combination may be more useful for a thorough hazard identification. Keywords Hazard identification STPA Bowtie Hazardous materials Pipeline transportation
W. Benhamlaoui (&) M. Rouainia Mohammed SalahMedjram LGCES – Research Laboratory, Department of Petrochemistry and Process Engineering, University of 20 aouˆt 1955, Skikda, Algeria e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction The hazardous materials transportation, whether in a long or short distances mode, has several consequences, such as trucks/pipelines passage accidents in an urban area, pipeline leaks due to impacts and dig-ins, etc. These consequences affect people life safety, the environment and facilities. Pipeline transportation includes a system of pipes with different diameters, which are used to move continuously and sequentially fluids, hydrocarbons (oil pipelines) or liquefied gases (gas pipelines), certain chemical products as ethylene, propylene, etc., under the appropriate pressure according to Safadi [1] works. In Bersani et al. [2] work’s, the pipeline is considered a complex system, dispersed geographically over a wide area, requiring many technologies to support the identification, of high potential risks. Several accidents were previously identified in gas and oil pipeline industry according to US Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Pipeline Safety, in 1991 and CONCAWE 1996. Their causes are frequently classified into five categories: • •
M. Rouainia e-mail: [email protected] Mohammed Salah Medjram e-mail: [email protected] Y. Liu Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway e-mail: [email protected]
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Damage caused by external operations in the pipeline vicinity and not related to its management; Corrosion, when pipeline is subjected to two types of corrosion: the first one is an inside corrosion, derived f
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