Comparative study of the insect community visiting flowers of invasive goldenrods ( Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparative study of the insect community visiting flowers of invasive goldenrods (Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea) E. N. Ustinova1 · S. N. Lysenkov1 Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Giant and Canadian goldenrods (Solidago gigantea and S. canadensis, respectively) are two closely related insect-pollinated plants of the family Asteraceae, native to North America and invasive in the Palearctic region. Here we study the structure of the flower-visitor community associated with these species in seven sites from three geographic locations in Central Russia throughout two flowering seasons, using qualitative (visitor set) and quantitative (visitation rate and relative frequency of different functional groups of flower-visiting insects) approaches. These species do not have a specific visitor set and are visited by a wide range of insects. Most differences in pollinator sets are in rare occasional visitors rather than specific ones preferring one of the two plant species. Hoverflies, honey bees, muscoid flies, and wasps are the most frequent visitors of goldenrods, though this generalization can be done only after obtaining large samples: brief observations at one site can bring about misleading results due to high spatial and temporal variation. Though intra-species spatial and temporal variation exceeds inter-species variation, all else equal, insect visitation rate to S. gigantea is higher. This is especially true of pronounced anthophilous insects. These results, together with the shown flower constancy of flower visitors, suggest that insects can distinguish between these two species. Keywords Pollination · Flower-visiting insects · Invasive plants · Solidago gigantea · Solidago canadensis
Introduction Closely related sympatric plant species coevolve to attenuate competition for pollinators even in generalized plantpollinator systems (Lack 1976; Armbruster and McGuire 1991; Dlussky 1998). But it can be hypothesized that when they invade new territories this coadaptation can be affected by the novel environment and may turn out to be useless among native insects that have no common co-evolutionary history with them. An invasion of two closely related species at once allows to study these coadaptations and should be Handling Editor: Heikki Hokkanen Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-020-09780-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. N. Lysenkov [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Evolution, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1‑12, Moscow 119234, Russia
taken into account in the studies of their influence on native plant-pollinator system. Solidago gigantea Aiton and S. canadensis L. (Asteraceae), the giant and Canadian goldenrods, respectively, are two closely related sympatric plant species, native to North America and invasive in regions with a temperate climate all over the world (Weber 1998). C
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