Comparison of factor XII levels in gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, and healthy pregnancies
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(2020) 20:752
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Comparison of factor XII levels in gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, and healthy pregnancies Esra Ozbasli*, Ozguc Takmaz, Emine Karabuk and Mete Gungor
Abstract Background: If not detected and treated, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause serious pregnancy complications such as macrosomia, preeclampsia, and fetal/neonatal mortality. Many studies have examined underlying contributing factors for GDM, including hypercoagulation. Factor XII (FXII) is a coagulation factor that increases throughout normal pregnancies, and we evaluated the relationship of GDM with FXII, FXIIa (activated FXII), and other coagulation parameter levels. GDM and macrosomia are closely related, but it is not known whether FXII could be an independent causal factor for macrosomia. Methods: In this prospective study, blood samples were taken from 69 pregnant women at the time of term delivery to determine levels of FXII, FXIIa, and other coagulation parameters. Based on the results, pregnancies fell into GDM, non-diabetic with macrosomia (M), or healthy (C [control]). Results: FXII concentration levels were significantly higher in GDM patients compared with the M and C groups. There were no significant differences when comparing FXIIa, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio. The GDM group saw a significant negative correlation between FXII concentrations and maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and BMI before delivery. In the M group, a positive correlation was observed between FXII concentrations and newborn weight and newborn weight percentile. Conclusions: An increase in FXII levels was observed in patients with gestational diabetes. Associations between coagulation parameters and GDM should be further analyzed to define the mechanisms of GDM and possible treatment modalities. Trial registration: Our study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03583216). Registered on July 11, 2018, Keywords: factor XII, pregnancy, gestational diabetes
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication [1], with a 2016 US prevalence of 6%, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [2]. The prevalence varies worldwide due to differences found in racial/ethnic groups, diagnostic criteria, and * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Darüşşafaka, Büyükdere Cad. No: 40, Sarıyer, 34457 Istanbul, Turkey
testing methods [3]. Adverse outcomes such as macrosomia, preeclampsia, and fetal/neonatal mortality can increase if GDM is not diagnosed and treated [4]. In GDM, elevated plasma coagulation activation markers are found (thrombin-antithrombin complex) and clotting factors (fibrinogen; factors VII, VIII, XI, and XII; kallikrein; and von Willebrand). While the pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood, findings support the clinical observation that GDM is a
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