Complete genome sequence and proteomic analysis of a thermophilic bacteriophage BV1
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Complete genome sequence and proteomic analysis of a thermophilic bacteriophage BV1 LIU Bin1,2∗ , WU Suijie3 , XIE Lianhui1 1 2 3
Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
Received 5 March 2009; accepted 21 August 2009 c The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
Abstract Viruses of thermophiles are of great interest due to their roles in gene transfer, global geochemical cycle and evolution of life on earth. However, the thermophilic bacteriophages have not been studied extensively. In this investigation, a typical bacteriophage BV1 was obtained from a thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. 6k512, which was isolated from an inshore hot spring in Xiamen of China. The BV1 contained a double-stranded linear DNA of 35 055 bp, which encodes 54 open reading frames (ORFs). Interestingly, eight of the 54 BV1 ORFs shared sequence similarities to genes from human disease-relevant bacteria. Seven proteins of the purified BV1 virions were identified by proteomic analysis. Determination of BV1 functional genomics would facilitate the better understanding of the mechanism for virus-thermophile interaction. Key words: thermophile, bacteriophage, genome sequence, proteomic analysis
1 Introduction Viruses, which may be the most abundant biological entities on the earth, are of a major interest in the characterization of the extent and distribution of viral diversity in different ecosystems (Bettstetter et al., 2003). Since the first thermophilic bacteriophage isolated in hot ecosystem by Koser (Epstein and Campbell, 1975), there have been many reports on thermophilic viruses infectious to thermophiles. These thermophilic viruses provide windows to genetic processes in thermophiles, a model organism for the study of life at high temperatures, and are of great importance to the understanding of diversity and evolution of life on earth (Rice et al., 2001). Thermophilic viruses could be classified into thermophilic archaeal viruses and bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) by their hosts according to International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses. All known thermophilic archaeal viruses compose six virus families which based on their morphological and genomic features, namely, Fuselloviridae, lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, Guttaviridae, Globuloviridae, Ampullaviridae
(Prangishvili et al., 2006; Xiang et al., 2005; Haring et al., 2005; Rice et al., 2004; Bettstetter et al., 2003; Geslin et al., 2003). The isolated thermophilic bacteriophages belong to Lipothrixviridae and Myoviridae (Blondal, Hjorleifsdottir et al., 2005; Blondal, Thorisdottir et al., 2005; Tsuboi et al., 2005; Epstein and Campbell, 1975; Sakaki and Oshima, 1975). The most studies of thermophilic viruses have focused on thermophilic archaeal viruses, much less effort
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