Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus hilgardii LMG 7934, Carrying the Gene Encoding for the Novel PII-Like Protein
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Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus hilgardii LMG 7934, Carrying the Gene Encoding for the Novel PII‑Like Protein PotN Darya E. Zhuravleva1 · Zalina I. Iskhakova1 · Georgii D. Ozhegov1 · Natalia E. Gogoleva1,2 · Dilyara R. Khusnutdinova1 · Elena I. Shagimardanova1 · Karl Forchhammer3 · Airat R. Kayumov1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lactic acid bacteria are widespread in various ecological niches with the excess of nutrients and have reduced capabilities to adapt to starvation. Among more than 280 Lactobacillus species known to the date, only five, including Lactobacillus hilgardii, carry in their genome the gene encoding for PII-like protein, one of the central regulators of cellular metabolism generally responding to energy- and carbon–nitrogen status in many free-living Bacteria, Archaea and in plant chloroplasts. In contrast to the classical PII encoding genes, in L. hilgardii genome the gene for PII homologue is located within the potABCD operon, encoding the ABC transporter for polyamines. Based on the unique genetic context and low sequence identity with genes of any other so-far characterized PII subfamilies, we termed this gene potN (Pot-protein, Nucleotide-binding). The second specific feature of L. hilgardii genome is that many genes encoding the proteins with similar function are present in two copies, while with low mutual identity. Thus, L. hilgardii LMG 7934 genome carries two genes of glutamine synthetase with 55% identity. One gene is located within classical glnRA operon with the gene of GlnR-like transcriptional regulator, while the second is monocistronic. Together with the relative large genome of L. hilgardii as compared to other Lactobacilli (2.771.862 bp vs ~ 2.2 Mbp in median), these data suggest significant re-arrangements of the genome and a wider range of adaptive capabilities of L. hilgardii in comparison to other bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus.
Introduction The genus Lactobacillus belongs to the phylum Firmicutes, class Bacilli, order II Lactobacillales, and family Lactobacillaceae. Lactobacillus are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultative aerobic or microaerophilic, non-spore forming bacteria [1]. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widespread in nature and can be found in niches with the excess of nutrients, including surfaces of plants, gastro-enteric tract of animals and Human [2], fermented milk and plant substrates [3–7], while could be almost never found neither in soil nor water. Despite extensive use in food industry, in production
* Airat R. Kayumov [email protected] 1
Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
2
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
3
Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
of probiotics, lactic acid and silage, etc. [8], many aspects of the nitrogen metabolism of Lactobacilli remain unexplored. Since the most bacteria are not capable of the
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