Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbo
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Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbon contents Agnieszka Baran
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Magdalena Urbaniak2 Magdalena Szara1 Marek Tarnawski3 ●
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Accepted: 13 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The information about concentrations of dioxin in pore water, ecotoxicity and DOC and TOC content can be key factor for the prediction of the fate of dioxins in the aquatic environment as well as an ecological risk assessment. The aims of the study were to assess the concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and ecotoxicity of pore water and to compare above results in relation to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) content. The concentration of dioxins was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay test, while the ecotoxicity of pore water was determined using a crustacean Daphnia magna and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. The studies were conducted on two different dammed reservoirs Rożnów (catchment basin of an agricultural character) and Rybnik (catchment basin of an industrial character) located in southern Poland. The concentration of dioxins in pore water was between 8.56 to 90.92 ng EQ/L, with a significantly higher concentration in the pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir than the Rybnik Reservoir. The DOC content in pore water was from 30.29 to 63.02 mg/L (Rożnów Reservoir) and from 35.46 to 60.53 mg/L (Rybnik Reservoir). Higher toxic responses were recorded for A. fischeri than for D. magna. Moreover a significantly higher toxicity for both tested organisms was indicated in pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir. Besides of TOC and DOC, the fine fractions of the sediments were particularly important in the concentration of dioxin in pore water. The other pore water parameters, such as pH and EC can influence the toxicity of water for organisms. The result indicate complex relationships between the PCDD/F, ecotoxicity and DOC, TOC concentration in pore water and confirms that these parameters are important in terms of water environmental contamination. Keywords Pore water PCDDs/PCDFs DOC Ecotoxicity Biotests ●
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Introduction Among the contaminants of the aquatic environment, a significant role is played by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (Ying et al. 2009; Förstner et al. 2016; Roumak et al. 2018;
* Agnieszka Baran [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland
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Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Urbaniak et al. 2016). PCDDs/PCDFs toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation are widely recognised as posing a risk to living organisms (Nie et al. 2013; Kukučka et al. 2015). Bot
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