The Biodiversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteria Isolated from the Bottom Sediments of the Chukchi Sea
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IGINAL PAPERS
The Biodiversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteria Isolated from the Bottom Sediments of the Chukchi Sea L. A. Romanenkoa, *, V. V. Kurilenkoa, N. Yu. Chernyshevaa, K. V. Guzeva, and V. V. Mikhailova, b aElyakov
Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia b Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 6, 2019; revised October 2, 2019; accepted October 3, 2019
Abstract—Two hundred and forty eight strains of heterotrophic microorganisms were isolated from bottom sediments of the Chukchi Sea. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to classify representatives of 33 genera that belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at least eight bacterial groups displayed 97−98% similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence and may be new taxa. Screening of the antimicrobial activity revealed 40 strains that are capable of inhibiting the growth of two or more indicator microorganisms. Active strains were represented by bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Terribacillus, Virgibacillus (phylum Firmicutes), Streptomyces, Pseudonocardia, Nocardiopsis (Actinobacteria) and, to a lesser degree, by gram-negative bacteria Shewanella, Psychrobacter (class Gammaproteobacteria), Massilia (class Betaproteobacteria), and Arenibacter (phylum Bacteroidetes). Detection of gene fragments of polyketide synthase (PKS-1) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) by the PCR method using degenerate primers in 23 strains suggests that the studied bacteria can serve as a source of biologically active metabolites relating to polyketides and/or nonribosomal peptides. Keywords: bacteria, phylogeny, 16S rRNA gene, PKS-1, NRPS, antimicrobial activity, bottom sediments, the Chukchi Sea DOI: 10.1134/S1063074020050089
INTRODUCTION Sea-bottom sediments are a natural source of biological diversity and are a habitat and incubator for many representatives of marine biota. Bottom sediment microorganisms are an important component of marine ecosystems, which is of particular interest for scientific research [9]. Many studies have shown that marine bacteria, in particular those of the bottom sediments, are able to synthesize a variety of biologically active substances with antimicrobial, antitumor, and other useful properties [3, 5, 11, 12]. Therefore, study of microorganisms isolated from previously unexplored and poorly studied sources of various biotopes of the marine environment is of importance. Microorganisms of bottom sediments of the Chukchi Sea shelf have only been studied in a fragmentary manner [23]. The purpose of this work was to study the phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial activity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the bottom sediment samples of the Chukchi Sea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bottom sediment samples were collected during the expedition cruise of R/V Akademik Oparin in Sep-
tember 2016 in the Russian sector of
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