Concentration of Potentially Harmful Elements (PHEs) in Trout Fillet (Rainbow and Brown) Fish: a Global Systematic Revie
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Concentration of Potentially Harmful Elements (PHEs) in Trout Fillet (Rainbow and Brown) Fish: a Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and Health Risk Assessment Yadolah Fakhri 1 Van Nam Thai 6
&
Amene Nematollahi 2 & Zohreh Abdi-Moghadam 3 & Hasti Daraei 4 & Seyed Mehdi Ghasemi 5 &
Received: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, articles regarding the concentration on potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in fillet trout (rainbow and brown) fishes were retrieved from Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed databases between 1 January 1983 and 30 April 2020. The pooled concentration of PHEs in fillet trout fishes was meta-analyzed using a random-effect model (REM) and following the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The meta-analysis of 42 articles (43 data report) revealed that a sort of PHEs in fillet trout was 19,996.64 μg/kg ww for Fe; 1834.75 μg/kg ww for Co; 772.21 μg/kg ww for Cu; 335.78 μg/kg ww for Ni; 290.46 μg/kg ww for Se; 226.20for Cr; 178.11 μg/kg ww for Pb; 77.40 μg/kg ww for Hg; 19.40 μg/kg ww for Cd; and 3.66 μg/kg ww for inorganic As. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment indicated that the lowest and highest hazard index (HI) in the adults was Pakistan (0.0012) and Turkey (0.2388), respectively, and in children was Pakistan (0.0057) and Turkey (1.114), respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk was acceptable for adult consumers in all countries (HI > 1 value) but non-carcinogenic risk for children was not acceptable in Turkey. The sort of countries based on carcinogenic risk in the adults due to inorganic As was China (1.44E−06) > Iran (9.14E−08) > Turkey (4.45E−08) > Portugal (9.04E−10). The carcinogenic risk was threshold for adult consumers in China (CR < 10–6). Consumption of fillet trout (rainbow and brown) content of PHEs in many countries cannot endanger the health of consumers. Keywords Potentially harmful elements . Toxic element . Heavy metals . Trout . Fish
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02419-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Van Nam Thai [email protected] 1
Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2
Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
3
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
4
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
5
Deputy of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
6
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), 475A Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Potentially harmful elements (PHEs) are elements in the environme
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