Concentrations, spatial distribution, and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surficial sediments from upstream of Y
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Concentrations, spatial distribution, and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surficial sediments from upstream of Yellow River, China Jun Ren 1,2,3
&
Jianxiu Hao 1,3 & Ling Tao 1,2,3
Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Surface sediments were collected from 122 sites in the upstream of the Yellow River, China. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd in sediments was investigated to explore the spatial distribution based on statistics and interpolation method. The results suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals were lower than potential effect levels (PEL). The samples above threshold effect level (TEL) for Pb and Zn were less than 10%, while almost 50% of samples for Ni exceeded PEL. Pb and Zn in sediments performed little or no adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems. Higher concentrations of all heavy metals occurred in Qinghai and Gansu sections; the concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn were significantly higher than the Inner Mongolia section. Lower concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn appeared in Qinghai section; the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Pb manifested relatively steady and similar distributions and approximately decreasing tendency along the upstream of Yellow River. Keywords Surface sediment . Heavy metal . Spatial distribution . Pollution assessment . Yellow River
Introduction Heavy metals deposited in river sediments had significant influences on aquatic ecosystem. The surficial sediments of river were regarded as both sources and sinks for potential pollutant of heavy metals. Heavy metals in sediments could perform a reasonable origination of contaminants in the river and were a specific indicator of contamination due to its hydrophobicity and accumulating tendency (Yasami et al. 2019; Chai et al. 2017; Huang et al. 2015; Moyol et al. 2015). Rapid urbanization and industrialization were most important in contributions as the deposition of dangerous metals in river Responsible Editor: Severine Le Faucheur * Jun Ren [email protected] 1
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
2
Lanzhou Hanxing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730070, China
3
Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
sediments (Zhang et al. 2018; Nazeer et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2014; Mao et al. 2013b). Heavy metals in sediments originated from both natural sources and anthropogenic actions. Heavy metals in river sediments have aroused considerable attentions because of their environmental persistence, potential toxicity, and bioavailability for aquatic ecosystems (Zhou 2019; Liu et al. 2017; Kadhum et al. 2016; Nguyen et al. 2016; Mao et al. 2013a; Djordjevic et al. 2012; Davutluoglu et al. 2011). Heavy metals might be rapidly and efficiently transported from the water to sediments with adsorption onto surface particles and remobilized and released ba
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