Spatial distribution of pesticides, organochlorine compounds, PBDEs, and metals in surface marine sediments from Cartage

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Spatial distribution of pesticides, organochlorine compounds, PBDEs, and metals in surface marine sediments from Cartagena Bay, Colombia Edisson Duarte-Restrepo 1,2 & Katia Noguera-Oviedo 3 & Deena Butryn 3 & Joshua S. Wallace 3 & Diana S. Aga 3 & Beatriz E. Jaramillo-Colorado 1 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Cartagena Bay is an estuarine system located in the Caribbean Sea (Colombia, South America), that receives fresh water from Canal del Dique, which is connected to the Magdalena River, the most important river of Colombia, with some of the most prominent Colombian cities located in its watershed, which has a high sediment yield. An analysis of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals was carried out on marine sediments from Cartagena Bay. Cartagena Bay sediments deployed the occurrence of total levels of pesticides (thiocarbamates, bromacil, triazines, organochlorines, and organophosphorus), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in sediments ranging from 0.83–33.67 ng/g dry-weight, 0.05–0.34 ng/g dry-weight, and 0.06– 19.58 ng/g dry-weight, respectively. Their concentrations were lower than those reported in NOAA Screening Quick Reference Tables. DDTs and PCBs are banned organochlorine compounds, since, even at low levels, their presence in sediments represents a threat to aquatic organisms and, therefore, to human health through the trophic chain. Sediments showed high concentrations of strontium (50– 959.6 mg/kg). All metals evaluated in the marine sediments were found in the S6 sampling point; this was near tannery and hydrocarbon industries (Pb 37.1 mg/kg, Cr 137.2 mg/kg, Cd 1.7 mg/kg, Cu 64.4 mg/kg, As 13.1 mg/kg, Sr 318.9 mg/kg); these results exceeded the accepted values of threshold effect levels (TEL) used as an indicator of their potential risk on marine life. Keywords Pesticides . Organochlorine compounds . PCBs . PBDEs . Metals . Sediment . Pollutants . Colombia

Introduction Cartagena Bay, located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia in South America, behaves as an estuarine system (Cogua et al. Responsible Editor: Vedula VSS Sarma * Diana S. Aga [email protected] * Beatriz E. Jaramillo-Colorado [email protected] 1

Agrochemical Research Group, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia

2

Doctoral Program in Environmental Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia

3

Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 611 Natural Science Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA

2012). The distribution of sediments in this bay is highly influenced by Canal del Dique (Restrepo et al. 2013), a humanmade canal connecting the bay to the Magdalena River, an important river, as it is the largest in Colombia, with a length of 1,540 km, and approximately 70% of the Colombian population (about 38 million

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