Constructed wetlands integrated with microbial fuel cells for COD and nitrogen removal affected by plant and circuit ope
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Constructed wetlands integrated with microbial fuel cells for COD and nitrogen removal affected by plant and circuit operation mode Huiyang Wen 1,2,3 & Hui Zhu 1,3 & Baixing Yan 1,3 & Brian Shutes 4 & Xiangfei Yu 5 & Rui Cheng 1,2,3 & Xin Chen 1,2,3 & Xinyi Wang 1,3 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Organic matter and NH4+-N are two major pollutants in domestic sewage. This study evaluated the influence of plant and circuit operation mode on the performance of constructed wetlands integrated with microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) and investigated the removal mechanisms of organic matter and nitrogen. Better chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was achieved in closedcircuit CW-MFCs regardless of planting or not, with average removal efficiencies of 83.19–86.28% (closed-circuit CW-MFCs) and 76.54–83.19% (open-circuit CW-MFCs), respectively. More than 70% organic matter was removed in the anaerobic region of all CW-MFCs. In addition, the planted CW-MFCs outperformed the unplanted CW-MFCs in ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen removal irrespective of circuit connection or not, for example, the NH4+-N removal efficiencies of 95.91–96.82% were achieved in planted CW-MFCs compared with 56.54–59.95% achieved by unplanted CW-MFCs. Besides, 33.14–55.69% of NH4+-N was removed in the anaerobic region. Throughout the experiment, the average voltages of planted and unplanted CW-MFCs were 264 mV and 108 mV, with the corresponding maximum voltage output of 544 mV and 321 mV, respectively. Furthermore, planted CW-MFCs, simultaneously producing a peak power density of 92.05 mW m−3 with a coulombic efficiency of 0.50%, exhibited better than unplanted CW-MFCs (3.29 mW m−3 and 0.21%, respectively) in bioelectricity generation characteristics. Keywords Constructed wetlands . Microbial fuel cells . COD . Nitrogen removal . Plant . Circuit operation mode
Introduction Constructed wetlands (CWs) are ecologically engineered wastewater treatment technology for their comparative low cost in installation and ease in operation and maintenance (Zhu et al.
2014; Chen et al. 2019). Due to the economic competitiveness and efficient contaminant removal, the technology has been recognized and successfully applied for wastewater treatment in a wide range of domestic sewage (Kim et al. 2016), industrial wastewater (Vymazal 2014), agricultural wastewater (Minghui
Responsible Editor: Alexandros Stefanakis Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10632-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hui Zhu [email protected] * Baixing Yan [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, People’s Republic of China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
3
Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of C
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