Enhanced nitrogen removal in filled-and-drained vertical flow constructed wetlands: microbial responses to aeration mode
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Enhanced nitrogen removal in filled-and-drained vertical flow constructed wetlands: microbial responses to aeration mode and carbon source Xiaoshuang Lai 1 & Yuqiang Zhao 2 & Fuxia Pan 2 & Baoshan Yang 1,3 & Hui Wang 1,3 & Shuzhi Wang 1 & Yingrui Yuan 1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract For the purpose of enhancing the removal rate of nitrogen (N) and organic matters, intermittent aeration and carbon source were used in filled-and-drained vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). The results showed that the best removal of COD (74.16%), NH4+-N (93.56%), TN (86.88%), and NO3−-N (79.65%) was achieved in VFCW1 (aerated with carbon source system). Illumina MiSeq300 high-throughput sequencing showed that carbon source aerated system increases the diversity and richness of the microbial community. The copy numbers of nitrification functional genes (nxrA, amoA), denitrification functional genes (nirS, nirK, nosZ), and anammox functional gene (anammox 16S rRNA) displayed various changes when applied different aeration modes and additional carbon source to each system. An increase of the DO concentration and carbon source facilitated the absolute abundance of microbial nitrification and denitrification functional genes, respectively. All in all, these results demonstrate that carbon source combined with intermittent aeration is valid to improve the pollutant treatment performance in these systems. Keywords Constructed wetlands . Nitrogen removal . Carbon source . Intermittent aeration . High-throughput sequencing . Functional genes
Introduction High N and organic matters released into water bodies lead to deterioration of water quality via eutrophication (Fan et al. 2016). Compared with the traditional sewage treatment technology, the constructed wetlands (CWs) have the Responsible Editor: Alexandros Stefanakis Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09915-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hui Wang [email protected] 1
School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
2
Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
3
Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong Province, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
characteristics of stable effluent quality, low energy consumption, simple operation, and environmentally friendly performance (Hou et al. 2018). Thus, it is widely used throughout the world. Due to the high pollutant removal efficiency, good oxygen transfer performance for nitrification, and a small footprint, VFCWs are often applied to purify and treat various wastewaters (Pelissari et al. 2017). The CWs utilize a substrate–plant–microbial integration system under the combination of physical, chemical, and biological effects (Liu et al. 2018) to achieve efficient purification of sewage by pre
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