Constructing 3D porous SnO 2 nanomaterials for enhanced formaldehyde sensing performances
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Constructing 3D porous SnO2 nanomaterials for enhanced formaldehyde sensing performances Chunxia Tian1 · Huixiao Guo2 · Haiying Li1 · Yu Li1 · Xiaosong Li3 · Dan Sun1 · Jianxia Zhang1 · Li Liu1 Received: 5 April 2020 / Revised: 5 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract 3D porous SnO2 nanomaterials enhanced gas sensitivity properties for formaldehyde has been successfully prepared by a simple template method. The morphology of the synthesized SnO2 was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as a 3D porous structure with a pore diameter of 120 nm. We systematically studied the gas sensing performance of 3D porous SnO2 and particulate SnO2. The result shows that the response value of 3D porous SnO2 to 100 ppm formaldehyde gas was 51.0 at low temperature 230 ℃, which was 6.4 times higher than that of particulate SnO2 (8.0), and the response/ the recovery time of 3D porous SnO2 was 8 s/15 s. The minimum detection concentration of 3D porous SnO2 was 0.5 ppm formaldehyde with the response value of 2. However, particulate SnO2 can only be detected 10 ppm with the response value of 2. In addition, the selectivity coefficient of 3D porous S nO2 for formaldehyde was up to 7, which is better than particulate SnO2 (1). The reason for the enhanced sensitivity of 3D porous S nO2 formaldehyde gas is not only related to its porous structure and smaller grain size, but also to the increase in oxygen vacancies.
1 Introduction Since trace amounts of toxic gases can also cause great injury to the human body [1], we need to monitor them quickly and effectively. Various sensors come out on the market. The function of the sensor material is that when the gas to be analyzed comes into contact with the sensor base material, the base material acts as a receiver of the gas to be analyzed, thereby converting chemical information into an analyzable electrical signal [2]. Since the development of the sensor, we have manufactured various types of gas sensors, such as semiconductor gas sensors [3, 4], solid electrolyte gas sensors [5, 6], electrochemical gas sensors [7, 8], etc. Among them, semiconductor gas sensors, the majority of them using metal oxide as the base material, are widely used [9]. Nevertheless, existing sensors still have * Li Liu [email protected] 1
College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
2
Network Centre, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
3
College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, People’s Republic of China
the disadvantages such as low sensitivity and impoverished selectivity and high power consumption. Consequently, the development of high-performance sensors is still a hot subject. As we know, the working mechanism of sensors is actually the change of resistance caused by the REDOX reaction on the surface of the base material [10]. Therefore, to improve the
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