Synthesis of SnO 2 nanoparticles for formaldehyde detection with high sensitivity and good selectivity
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Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for formaldehyde detection with high sensitivity and good selectivity Liping Gao1,a),c), Hao Fu2,3,c), Jiejun Zhu1, Junhai Wang1, Yuping Chen1, Hongjie Liu2,b) 1
School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China Department of Science and Technology, Shiyuan College of Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530226, China 3 School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] c) These authors contributed equally to this work. 2
Received: 28 March 2020; accepted: 29 June 2020
During the detection of industrial hazardous gases, like formaldehyde (HCHO), the selectivity is still a challenging issue. Herein, an alternative HCHO chemosensor that based on the tin oxide nanoparticles is proposed, which was obtained through a facile hydrothermal method. Gas sensing performances showed that the optimal working temperature located at only 180 °C, the response value of 79 via 50 ppm HCHO was much higher than that of 35 at 230 °C. However, the compromised test temperature was selected as 230 °C, taking into account the faster response/recovery speeds than 180 °C, named 20/23versus 53/60 s, respectively. The response (35) of the SnO2 nanoparticles-based sensor to 50 ppm of HCHO is about 400% higher than that of bulk SnO2 sensor (9), especially when the gas concentration is 1 ppm, SnO2 nanoparticles also has a higher sensitivity which may possibly result from more exposed active sites and small size effect for nanoparticles than for bulk ones. The gas sensor based on SnO2 nanoparticles can be utilized as a promising candidate for practical low-temperature detectors of HCHO due to its higher gas response, excellent response–recovery properties, and perfect selectivity.
Introduction Formaldehyde is a typical toxic gas in indoor air pollution, which is often used in the manufacture of building plywood, paint, and other decorative building materials [1, 2, 3]. Besides, it is considered as a typical toxic chemical substance in environmental monitoring and assessment, which endangers the health and safety of humans and other creatures [4, 5, 6]. The most common symptoms associated with formaldehyde exposure include eye, nose, and throat irritation, which occurs when the air concentration is about 0.4–1 (ppm). High levels of formaldehyde can even cause damage to the central nervous system, blood, and immune system [7]. Therefore, it needs real-time and effective formaldehyde monitoring methods to prevent it from exceeding the dangerous threshold. Up to now, many approaches have been applied to detect HCHO, including spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, highperformance liquid chromatography, polarography, and fluorimeter [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. However, further practical applications are limited by expensive instruments and time-consuming operation. Semiconductor gas sensors have been confirmed as a reliable
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