Coping with Hunger and Shortage under German Occupation in World War II
This volume demonstrates how German expansion in the Second World War II led to shortages, of food and other necessities including medicine, for the occupied populations, causing many to die from severe hunger or starvation. While the various chapters loo
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Coping with Hunger and Shortage under German Occupation in World War II
Tatjana Tönsmeyer · Peter Haslinger Agnes Laba Editors
Coping with Hunger and Shortage under German Occupation in World War II
Editors Tatjana Tönsmeyer University of Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany
Agnes Laba University of Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany
Peter Haslinger Herder Institute Marburg, Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-77466-4 ISBN 978-3-319-77467-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77467-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937867 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: © Herder Institute, Marburg, image archive Photograph: August Custodis Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
Part I Introduction Supply Situations: National Socialist Policies of Exploitation and Economies of Shortage in Occupied Societies During World War II 3 Tatjana Tönsmeyer Part II Economies of Scarcity and “Ersatz” Sites Black Market in the General Government 1939–1945: Survival Strategy or (Un)Official Economy? 27 Jerzy Kochanowski Economies of Scarcity in Belarusian Villages During World War II: How New Findings from Oral History Projects Put a Perpetrator-Centred Historiography in Perspective 49 Aliaksandr Smalianchuk and Tatsiana Kasataya Supplies Under Pressure: Survival in a Fully Rationed Society: Experiences, Cases and Innovation in Rural and Urban Regions in Occupied Norway 61 Guri Hjeltnes v
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Contents
‘The Black Market Is a Crime Against Community’: The Failure of the Vichy Government to Bring About an Egalitarian System of Distribution and the Growth of the Black Market
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