The First World War
The Great War was the first in British history to involve virtually the entire population of Britain. A vast quantity of poems, fiction, essays, speeches, letters, memoirs and other written material was produced during 1914 and 1918 and Hibberd chooses bo
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CONTEXT AND COMMENTARY Series Editor: ARTHUR POLLARD Published titles
J. A. V. Chapple SCIENCE AND LITERATURE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Pamela Horn LIFE AND LABOUR IN RURAL ENGLAND, 1760-1850 Elisabeth Jay FAITH AND DOUBT IN VICTORIAN BRITAIN Robin Headlam Wells SHAKESPEARE, POLITICS AND THE STATE Dominic Hibberd THE FIRST WORLD WAR Norman Page THE THIRTIES IN BRITAIN Stephen Prickett ENGLAND AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Alan and Dorothy Shelston THE INDUSTRIAL CITY, 1820-1870 Forthcoming titles
Roger Richardson REVOLT AND RESTORATION IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Alan Downie LITERATURE AND POLITICS 1678-1780
THE FIRST WORLD WAR Dominic Hibberd
M
MACMILLAN
© Dominic Hibberd 1990 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1990 Published by MACMILLAN EDUCATION LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by Wessex Typesetters (Division of The Eastern Press Ltd) Frome, Somerset
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The First World War. 1. English Literature, 1900-1945 - Anthologies I. Hibberd, Dominic 820.800912
ISBN 978-0-333-39777-0 ISBN 978-1-349-20712-1 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-349-20712-1
Contents ~ef~W
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Acknowledgements Editor's Preface
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1. Introduction
1
2. The Coming of the War
4
3. War to End War: August 1914-December 1915
37
4. The Year of the Somme: 1916
89
5. Dulce et Decorum Est: 1917
123
6. Retreat and Victory: January-November 1918
156
7. Peace to End Peace
182
Chronological Table Bibliography Index
198 205 210
v
List of Plates 1. Injured Innocence by Bernard Partridge, Punch (31 May 1916) page 361. The German Ogre stands on the torn 'scrap of paper', the treaty which had guaranteed Belgian neutrality. Behind him is Bernhardi's slogan, 'Weltmacht oder Niedergang' ('World-power or downfall'). Photograph© Bodleian Library, from N. 2706 d 10. 2. The Merry-Go-Round by Mark Gertler (1916). ' ... in this combination of blaze, and violent and mechanised rotation and complete involution, utterly mindless intensity of sensational extremity, you have made a real and ultimate revelation' (D. H. Lawrence to Gertler, 9 October 1916). Photograph© Tate Gallery. 3. The Signing of the Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, 28 June 1919 by William Orpen. In front of the leaders of the victorious countries, German representatives sign the Treaty of Versailles. The overwhelming architecture and crooked mirrors make a mocking background. One of the reflected silhoue
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